《高考英语两周冲刺》的样书

发布时间:2017-11-14 编辑:互联网 手机版

目录

第一篇 总论 …...........................................………….....…………..(1)

第一章 速读的重要性.....................…............…………………………(1)

第二章 阅读方法与技巧........................................................…………(1)

第三章 查读、略读与阅读的灵活性....................................….………(2)

第四章 NMET阅读理解命题的特点及发展趋势,掌握解题技巧..….(2)

第五章 上好英语阅读课,提高45分钟课堂效率….……………………(6)

第六章掌握构词知识,扩大词汇量,提高阅读基本功…………….….1-8(6)

第二篇 新闻、广告及图表类文章........................……………..…….(12)

第三篇 模拟高考阅读理解题..................................................….….(88)

Unit 1…………….........................……………………………….9-17(88)

Unit 2.......................……..................…………………………18-34(92)

Unit 3.......................................………………………………35-43.(96)

Unit 4........……………………………………………………..44-57(100)

Unit 5...........………………….………………………….……58-68(104)

Unit 6.................………………………….……………….….69-82(108)

Unit 7........................................………………………….…………(112)

Unit 8...…………..…………………………………………..83-.87.(116)

Unit 9..............……………………………………………….88-.92(120)

Unit 10…………………………………………………….....93-109.(124)

Unit 11....................………………………..………………..110-.117(128)

Unit 12...................…………………….……………………118-132(132)

Unit 13......................………………………………………..133-144(136)

Unit 14...................…………………………………………..145-152(140)

Unit 15....................…………………………………………163-169.(144)

Unit 16.....................………………………………………..170-173.(148)

Unit 17.......................……………………………………..…174-181(152)

Unit 18..........................……………………..………………182-195(156)

Unit 19.........................……………………………………..195-.201(160)

Unit 20..............……………………………………………202-205.(164)

Unit 21....................………………………………………...207-213(168)

Unit 22.........……………………………….……………….214-238(172)

Unit 23...............................……………………..…………239-252(176)

Unit 24...............................………………………………...253-261(180)

Unit 25....................................…………………………....262-277(184)

Unit 26...................................................……….………………….(188)

Unit 27.......................................….………….…………..278-299(191)

Unit 28..............................……………….………………300-312(195)

Unit 29.............................………………………..………313-324(199)

Unit 30............................………………………….…….325-332(203)

Unit 31.........................………………………………..…333-.357(207)

Unit 32...................................................………………………….(212)

Unit 33....................................................…………..……………..(216)

Unit 34...................................…………………………..358-370.(220)

Unit 35.............................................………………………………(224)

第四篇 完形填空......................…………………………371-396.(228)

第五章 短文改错.....................………..…………………397-402(240)

附录高考试题选载...................................................….………….(243)

注:页码为有括号,页码前的数字是单选题的题号。

序言

编者

第一篇 总论

第一章 速读的重要性

第二章 阅读方法与技巧

第三章 查读、略读与阅读的灵活性

第四章NMET阅读理解命题的特点及发展趋势,掌握解题技巧

一、阅读路标----阅读理解十大命题规律

二、常规命题思路

1. 文章中心常考。常用于主题句中表现出来,主题句可以出现在首句、篇中或根本没有。

2. 段中心常考。可以在段首和段末,也可以没有,需要自己概括。

X属性。

三、命题类型、特点及解题思路

(一)关于推理性(推断)问题(Inference)。…

1)隐含意思。文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图,有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会,靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断,从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类 ____ .(6)The writer indicates that_________ 推断题要求考生能够根据文中的关键词、短语、结构等进行推断,或要求考生通过阅读某段或几段内容,推断出一个结论,类似于主旨题。注意防止不依据关键词而凭空进行推断,这是许多考生存在的一个通病。

2)写作技巧。文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的,都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫,有的是上句话的结果,互相衬托,互相联系。阅读理解题中常常就技巧性问题提问,测试读 o_________ .(4) In discussing . . . , the author ._________(5)The author's statement about . . . is a . . . for . . .

(二)关于主题思想问题(Subject Matter/SM)。中心思想是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内涵,是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种支持细节来阐明中心议题。因此,把握主要思想对于全文内容理解具有重要意义。如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案,而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。针对SM问题,应采用快速阅读 s passage mainly (primarily)concerned(关心) ?(3)The main idea of this passage is ___________.(4) )The title that best expresses the theme(main idea) of the passage is ___________.(7)On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?(8)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.(9)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?对策:有超过一半的文章中心在文章的首句和末句。从解的特征来看一般符合概括性的是解。

(三)关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)。阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度 attitude of .this passage is apparently(obviously) _________(5)The author suggests that _________(6)According to the author __________。有的文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚;而有的文 中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意那些表明作者观点的词汇,如形容词、动词等。对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。

(四)关于词汇问题(Vocabu1ary)。…

(五)关于细节性问题(Suppporting Details)。细节性问题(图表、广告大多设计此类问题)是通过查读或略读法找出主题后,应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实,或按要求找出特定细节,因为这 解的特征来看一般是”体现中心思想”是解。这类题目常以"WH-"形式来提问,如who, what, when, where, why及how等形式。具体来说,有三类:

1.According题型。此题型为最基本题,由According to the passage 或The passage states that引导,键词寻找文中对应词,在对应词周围找到答案。

2.数字题型。此种题型为比较基本题目,考查学生对数字的理解能力。有五种考查方法:①运算型:对应不同的事物,问题只考其中一点。对策:对号入座。③域型:文中时间后数字为一区域、范围、求最高、最低或其中某一点。④世纪型:已知某一年份,求其为哪个世纪。如已知1805年,问 的 示的数量。此种题目稍难,因为文章中没有现成的数字,要求考生通过表达数字概念的文字加以推断,如:一个圆被直线相分割,分成几部分?

3.Except题型。该题型四个选项中有三个符合文章内容,剩下一个不符。这种题型有两种考法:一种是考并列、列举句,只考一个句子,考局部。因此读文章时就应该多留意并列句、列举句,可预想 项在文章中不同部分出现,难度很大。这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问,而是使用 想像判断,一定要紧扣文章内容,不可随心所欲。细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .(5) The reason for . . .is . . .(6) The author states that . . .(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...。

第五章 上好英语阅读课 提高45分钟课堂效率

目前阅读课的课型基本采用的是三种方式:1.限时阅读2.限量阅读3.文学欣赏。下面分课型进行介绍。

1.限时阅读,…

2.限量阅读。…

3.文学欣赏。…

第六章 掌握构词知识,扩大词汇量,提高阅读基本功

词汇量的的大小是判断基本功扎实与否的一个关键指标。我们所说的词汇量不仅仅指词汇的数量,还要包括一个词的意思与用法。要特别注意次常用词及常用词的次常用用法。词汇量大并不是将 涉猎各方面文章来丰富自己的词汇量,要做到各种题材和体裁的文章都要读,时事新闻要读社会焦点问题文章要读。在阅读中遇到的关键词应通过查词典、记笔记等途径将其纳入到自己的记忆库中去。以下是中学生应了解的常见的构词法,也是本书涉及到的可以帮助理解文章内容的构词知识。请注意观察例句中学过的单词(第一个)所涉及到的构词知识。

词 根

前 缀

后 缀

第三篇 模拟高考阅读理解题

Unit 1 A STARTING TIME:MINUTES________SECONDS_______

Oceanography has been given the meaning of " The application(Putting to use) of all sciences to the study of the sea".

Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between(not happening often). Certainly Newton considered some theoretical(理论的) sides of it in his writings, but he was unwilling to go to sea to further his work.

  For most people the sea was distant, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay below the surface. The first time that the question "what is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any trade result was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was suggested. The engineers had to know the depth profile(纵断面) of the way to judge the length of wires that had to be produced.

  It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been dutiful for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to examine the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later , some of his findings caused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.

  The wire was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made ever-lasting and dependable. At the early attempts, the wire failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied present scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific journey , which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of examples from the sea. Their division and examination took scientists years and led to a five-book report, the last book being published in 1895.

TOTAL WORDS:_346_ FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:___

1.The suggestion to lay a telegraph wire from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on_____.

A.an college side B.an army's side C.a business side D.an international side

2.The aim of the voyages Maury was dutiful for in the 1840 was _______.

A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB)to collect examples of sea plants and animals

C) to judge the length of wire that was needed D)to measure the depths of the two oceans

3. "Defied" in the 5th paragraph probably means "________".

A.doubted B.gave proof to C.showed no respect for D.agreed to

4.This passage is mainly about _______.

A.the beginnings of oceanography B.the laying of the first undersea wire

C.the examination of ocean depths D.the early intercontinental communications

B STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

Could the bad old days of gradual economic(经济的) loss be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of natural oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel(桶), up from less than $10 last December. This near-growing-to-three-times the quantity of oil prices calls up frightening memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices became four times as great, and 1979- 80, when they also almost became three times as great.Both earlier shocks resulted in double-digit(数字) high-rising prices and economic loss throughout the world. So where are the headlines warning of darkness and terrible fortune this time?

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq stopped sending oil out to another foreign country. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter visits the northern half of the earth, could push the price higher still over a short period of time.

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic results now to be less serious than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of natural oil now comes to a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes reached up to four-fifths of the sale price, so even quite big changes in the price of natural oil have a more silent effect on pump prices than in the past.

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive(敏感的) to change in the oil price. Energy controlled use, a change to other fuels and a loss in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive(集中) industries have reduced oil using-up. Software(电脑软件), consultancy(咨询公司) and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD says in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year,compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil-bringing -in-from-abroad bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the ill-bringing -in-from-abroad loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand,oil-bringing-in-from-abroad appearing economies -to which heavy industry has changed-have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously pressed together.

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general goods-price rising and global excess(过量的) demand. A sizable part of the world is only just appearing from economic loss. The Economist's goods price index(指数) is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 goods prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.

TOTAL WORDS: 487 FINISHING TIME:____ WPM:_____

5.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ___.

A.worldwide rising. B.reduction in supply.

C.fast growth in economy. D.Iraq's oil stopping sending out to another foreign country.

6.It can be inferred from the text that the sale price of petrol will go up greatly if___.

A.price of natural oil rises. B.goods prices rise. C.daily use rises. D.oil taxes rise.

7.We can draw a conclusion from the text that___.

A.oil-price shocks are less shocking now.

B.price rising seems unimportant to oil-price shocks.

C.energy controlled use can keep down the oil prices.

D.the number of heavy industry is made smaller and smaller owing to the price rise of natural oil.

8.From the text we can see that the writer seems___

A.hopeful. B.sensitive C.unhappy. D.frightened.

C STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

The Supreme Court(最高法院)'s decisions on physician-helped killing oneself carry important suggestions for how medicine seeks to stopping pain and suffering of dying patients.

Although it rules that there is no lawful right to physician-helped killing oneself, the Court in effect supported the medical rule of "double effect," a century-old moral(道德的) rule holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is expected-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that rule in recent years to give good reasons for using too much morphine(吗啡) to control finally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages(剂量) will at last kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center,insists that the rule will protect doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients enough peacemaking to control their pain if that might quicken death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, argues that, as long as a doctor orders the use of a drug for a lawful medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing unlawful even if the patient uses the drug to quicken death. "It's like a medical operation," he says. "We don't call those deaths murders because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they took the chance of their death. If you're a physician, you can take the chance of your patient's killing himself as long as you don't intend their killing themselves."

On another level, many in the medical field admit that the helped -killing himself argument has been fueled in part by the patients' loss of hope for whom modern medicine has made longer the very great physical pain of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-helped killing oneself,the National Academy of Science (NAS) delivered a two-volume(卷) report, Coming near to Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It treats the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical deeds that may make longer and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The employment is taking steps to require young doctors to train in homes for the ill,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management treatments,to develop a Medi care billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for judging and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical beginnings translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem to have nothing to do with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably(可预知地) suffering," to the degree that it makes up "harmful regular patient treatment." He says medical permission boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are supposedly ones that are unskillfully managed and should result in permit stop."

TOTAL WORDS: 503 FINISHING TIME:____ WPM:_____

9.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____.

A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain.

B.it is still unlawful for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

C.the Supreme Court is strongly against physician- helped killing oneself.

D.patients have no lawful right to help killing oneself.

10.Which of the following statements it's true according to the text?

A.Doctors will be held completely wrong if they take the chance of their patients' death.

B.Modern medicine has helped finally ill patients in painless recovery.

C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-killing peacekeeping can be ordered to use.

D.A doctor's peacekeeping is no longer made lawful by his intentions.

11.Which of the following best explains the word "aggressive" (paragraph 7)?

A.Brave. B.Harmful. C.Careless. D.hopeless.

12.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they___.

A.manage their patients unskillfully. B.give patients more medicine than needed.

C.reduce drug dosages for their patients. D.made longer the needless suffering of the patients.

D STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

  Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit(学分) which he may count towards a degree, In many American universities the total work for a degree is made up of thirty-six courses each lasting for one term. A typical(典型的) course is made up of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each term. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two terms each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. 

  For every course that a student follows is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is serviceable for the student to show to expected employers. All this puts an unchanging pressure and tightness of work , but some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections(选举) to positions in student organizations excite much eagerness .The effective work of obeying rules is usually performed by students who advise the college groups with power. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by tricking his into appearing before a student court.With the huge numbers of students, the operation of the system does include a certain quantity of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of power is much respected and it will be of advantage to him later in his job.

TOTAL WORDS:_292_ FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:___

13. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ______.

A.to live in a different university B.to take a particular course in a different university

C.to live at home and drive to classes. D.to get two degrees from two different universities

14.America university students are usually under pressure of work because ______.

A.their college performance will change their future jobs B.they are heavily connected with student affairs

C.they have to obey university rules D.they want to run for positions of power

15.Some students are interested in positions in student organisations probably because ______.

A.they hate the unchanging pressure and tightness of their study

B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university

C.such positions help them get better jobs

D.such positions are usually well paid

16.The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.

A.dealing with the college affairs of the university

B.making sure that the students follow university rules

C.finding out the value of students' performance by bringing them before a court

D.keeping up the students' eagerness for social activities

E STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

It is hardly necessary for me to mention all the proofs of the discouraging state of literacy(识字). These figures from the Department of Education are enough: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than enough to continue to live in our society.

But my own worry today is less that of the very big problem of necessary literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious(放纵的) problem of the loss in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries(great comfort) of family life and time and close attention that go around on every side the mental picture of the standard act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated young persons between 13-19 years old can no longer read without music in the background or a television screen moving unsteadily at the corner of their field of understanding. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with disagreeing input happening at the same time,but every common-sense power of understanding suggests we should be extremely alarmed(shocked). This break of close attention, silence, loneliness goes to the very heart of our idea of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-understanding against background enjoyment, makes impossible certain necessary acts of understanding and close attention, let alone that most important admiration any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose(散文) he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is important.

Under these conditions, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic (心理的), and social complete changes probably much more exciting than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being argued. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, division, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any faith what will happen to the book as we've known it.

TOTAL WORDS:_383__ FINISHING TIME:_____ WPM:______

17.The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is ______.

A.rather sad and without much hope B.fairly bright C.very exciting D.quite encouraging

18.A major problem with most youth who can read is ______.

A.their fondness of music and TV programs B.their lack of knowledge of various forms of art

C.their lack of attentiveness & basic understanding D.their inability to centre on disagreeing input

19.The author demands that the best way a reader can show admiration for poems or prose is ___.

A.to be able to understand and enjoy them and memorize them

B.to examine their necessary qualities carefully

C.to think them over honestly

D.to make a fair judgement of its artistic value

20. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels ______.

A.worried B. uncertain C. alarmed D. hopeless

★★9. Government reports ,examination ,compositions and most business letters are the main situations _____formal language is used. A) in which B) on which C) at what D) in that

10. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun ____sightseeing.

A) rather than to go B) other than going C) more than going D) than to go

11. If the building project_____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

A) being completed B) to be completed C) is completed D) completed

12. Jack wishes that he _______business instead of history when he was in university.

A) studied B) had been studying C) study D) had studied

13 The older New England villages have changed relatively little ______a gas station or two in recent years.

A) except for B) except C) what's more D) besides

14. Vast reporting on television has helped to______ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.

A) collect B) awake C) gather D.wake

15. The president promised to keep all the club players _____of how the defeats were going on.

A) warn B) be warned C) warning D) warned

16. Eating too much fat can____ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.

A) get to B) contribute to C) attend to D) devote to

17. All the tasks ____ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.

A) been finished C) were finished C) having been finished D) had been finished

Unit 2 A STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

  Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful ? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle(period of time).

  During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its highest point .For some people the highest point comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so , but it leads to such familiar rather long speeches as : "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again !" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy highest point in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.

 You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some degree by habitually staying up later than you want to .If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam(collect one’s energy) and work better at your low point.

  Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a unhurriedly mouth opening to breath deeply when tired and straighten your body. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor . Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do regular work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or close attention for your sharper hours.

TOTAL WORDS:_336_ FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:___

1.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

A.Misunderstanding of energy cycles.

B.Familiar long speeches.

C.A change in a family member's energy cycle.

D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.

2.If one wants to work more effectively at his low point in the morning, he should _____.

A.change his energy cycle B.defeat his laziness C.get up earlier than usual D.go to bed earlier

3.You are advised to rise with a mouth opening for breath when tired and spread out your body because it will _____.

A.help to keep your energy for the day's work B.help you to control your state of mind early in the day

C.enable you to centre on your regular work D.keep your energy cycle under control all day

4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A.Getting off to work with the least effort helps save one's energy.

B.Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their highest points at different hours of day.

C.Habit helps a person fit his own energy cycle.

D.Children have energy cycles, too.

B STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to realize shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be connected with the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in pity of their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries ;if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' meeting ,of a story which works well because the listeners all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful food and housing, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful ,polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch ,the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line ,seizes his food and walks over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.".If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be suitable for you to speak about the bad dinning-room food or the chairman's bad taste in ties. With other listeners you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will allow an outsider to speak ill of their dining-room or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats(替罪羊) like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel unskilled in being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few accidental and clear words without preparation which you can deliver in an easy and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow(眉毛) or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted speech.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. An unexpected change on a familiar quote(引用) "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration(夸大) and understatements(保守说法). Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and interest into humor.

TOTAL WORDS: 465 FINISHING TIME:____ WPM:_____

5.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are___.

A.impolite to new arrivals. B.very awake to their godlike role.

C.given some advantages. D.very busy even during lunch hours.

6.It can be inferred from the text that public services___.

A.are useful to many people. B.are the central points of public attention.

C.are an improper subject for humor. D.have often been laughed at.

7.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered___.

A.in well-worded language. B.as awkwardly(尴尬) as possible.

C.in exaggerated(夸大) statements. D.as accidentally as possible.

8.The best title for the text may be___.

A.Use Humor Effectively. B.Various Kinds of Humor. C.Add Humor to Speech. D.Different Skills of Humor .

C STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

We find that bright children are seldom held back by mixed-ability teaching. Not at all, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(dividing) pupils. It does not consider the fact that children develop at different speeds. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

  Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their mental ability. This is only one particular side of their total personality(个性). We are interested in developing the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their school ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these particular sides of learning.

  In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to examine and find out the value , and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on personal tasks and assignments(jobs), and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is suitable. We encourage our pupils to use the library , and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively . An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is . We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least , and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.

TOTAL WORDS:_312_ FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:___

9.In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is _______.

A.necessary B.questioning C.agreeing to D.fair

10.By "held back" (Line 1) the author means "____________".

A.made to remain in the same classes B.forced to study in the lower classes

C.drawn to their studies D.prevented from advancing

11.The author argues that a teacher's chief interest should be the development of the student's _____.

A.personal qualities and social skills B.total personality C.learning ability and communicative skills D.mental ability

12.The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _________.

A.argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

B.advise pair work and group work for classroom activities

C.offer advice on the proper use of the library

D.lay force on the importance of proper formal classroom teaching

D STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

Since the dawn of human cleverness, people have invented ever more clever tools to deal with the work that is dangerous, uninteresting, difficult ,or just plain ugly. That force has resulted in robotics-the science of comparing various human abilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to bring into existence the mechanical(机械) form of science story, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by clever gizmos whose presence we seldom notice but whose widespread existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum(发出嗡嗡声) to the sounds of robot gathering arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals(自动检票终端机) that thank us with mechanical politeness for the management of business. Our underground trains are controlled by tireless robot(机器人)-drivers. And thanks to the continual small electronics(电子工业) and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone operations with submillimeter exactness-far greater exactness than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving usefulness, they will have to operate with less human supervision(监督) and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that set a real challenge(挑战). "While we know how to tell a robot to deal with a particular mistake," says Dave Lavery , manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to dependably have an effect on an active world."

Indeed the desire for true man-made good ability to learn and understand has produced very mixed results. Although it was a period of early optimism(乐观) in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits(集成电路) and microprocessors(微处理器) might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to make it known by years if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells(神经细胞) are much more skilled-and human understanding far more difficult -than once imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the mistakes of a machine board by a very small piece of a millimeter in a controlled factory condition. But the human mind can take a quick look at a rapidly changing scene and immediately pay no attention to the 98 percent that is unimportant, at once being fixed upon on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single distrustful face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't come near to that kind of ability, and neuroscientists(神经科学家) still don't know quite how we do it.

TOTAL WORDS: 500 FINISHING TIME:____ WPM:_____

13.The word "gizmos" (paragraph 2) most probably means ______

A.programs. B.experts. C.invented things . D.humans

14.According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can _____.

A.finish fine tasks like performing brain operations B.have an effect on human beings orally

C.have a little common sense. D.act in answer independently to a changing world.

15.Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_____.

A.make a few decisions for themselves. B.deal with some mistakes with human interruption.

C.improve factory conditions. D.develop human inventiveness.

16.The writer uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_____.

A.expected to copy human brain in internal structure(体内结构).

B.able to see differences immediately.

C.far less able than human brain in being fixed on connected information.

D.best used in a controlled condition.

E STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial systems for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the piles would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.

The latest project is to take a city of around half a million citizens and discover exactly what natural materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these natural materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.

Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is completed, the rubbish will be treated like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest materials from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets(磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.

The first full-scale large recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant piles, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

TOTAL WORDS:_280__ FINISHING TIME:____WPM:____

17.The phrase "be well on with ..." most probably means _______.

A.have completed what was started B.get ready to start C.have achieved a great deal in D.put an end to

18.What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling treatment described in paragraph 3?

A.breaking up whatever is breakable B.sharpening metal bars

C.separating light materials from the heavy ones D.sorting out small pieces of metal

19.What's the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?

A.to deal with wastes in a better way B.to protect the environment from pollution

C.to get natural materials locally D.to get big advantages from those plants

20.The passage is mainly about ________.

A.a cheap way to get energy B.the place of recycling plants

C.new way to recycling wastes D.the protection of city environment

★★18. This article ____more attention to the problem of grammar and spelling in foreign language teaching and learning.

A) cares for B) allows for C) takes for D) calls for

19. He was punished____ he should make the same mistake again. A) unless B) if C) provided D) for fear that

20. ______in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.

A) Being the fourth biggest city B) Once the fourth biggest city

C) It was once the fourth biggest city D) The fourth biggest city it was

21.. It is important that the hotel waiter______ that guests sign their names correctly.

A . has made sure B. made sure C. must make sure D. make sure

22. I'll never forget______ you for the first time.

A.to meet B. meeting C. to have met D. having to be meeting

23. Giving up the flight ______many passengers to spend the night at the airport.

A. resulted B.forced C. demanded D.advised

24. That young man still admits______ the fire behind the store.

A. start B. to start C. having started D. to have started

25._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were given prize money totaling $21,000.

A. Judged the best B. Judging the best C.To be judged the best D. Having judged the best

26. Without proper lessons, you could ______a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

A. keep up B. pick up C.draw up D. catch up

27. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it from natural materials without turning ______the salt bottle. A. up B. to C.on D..over

28. He always did well at school _______having to do part-time jobs every now and then.

A. though B. regard C.because of D. in case of

29. ______receiving money support from family, or the government is allowed, it is never admired.

A. As B.Once C.Although D. Provided

30. All the key words in the article are printed in ____type so as to attract readers' attention.

A. dark B. small C.black D. bold

31. The basic qualities of the communication course are shown in one question: Who says ______through what channel to whom? A. how B. when C. what D.such

32. I didn't ______to take a taxi but I had to as I was late. A. think B. suppose C. mean D. hope

33. The hours_____ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A. in which B. on which C.when D. that

34. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _____a room with someone else.

A. share B. to share C.sharing D. to have shared

Unit 3 A STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4, 500 tigers were still alive throughout the world-half of them in India. Mr. Foresterst who followed and counted tiger footprints, judged that in May 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in India. Project Tiger supported by W.W.F. was immediately started. Nine tiger protecting areas were created, with armed guards protecting them.

The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the protecting areas and gather formerly unserviceable information about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting land of between 10 and 20sq. kms, depending on its age, size and strength. The area of a male includes the smaller areas of three or four tigresses. A tiger makes safe places the edges of its area by spraying urine(尿) and other bodily liquids on tigers. But it tries to avoid area fights, being guided by the clear body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.

The popular mental picture of the tiger is that of a merciless and unsuccessful hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 sufferers it tries to attack.

Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80's) but India's human population has also grown out of control. At present it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many country people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are made protecting areas for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on man has added to the hatred.

TOTAL WORDS:_307__ FINISHING TIME:____WPM:____

1.The greatest aim of Project Tiger is to _______.

A.study the growth rate(比率) of tigers B.protect tigers from being killed

C.encourage the raising of young tigers D.examine the action patterns of tigers

2)Studies have shown that _______.

A.a tigress never attacks until attacked

B.the tigress is not as fierce as the tiger

C.a tiger usually fights another tiger to defend its own area

D.the tiger is not an effective hunter as is commonly described

3.Some people are afraid that Project Tiger ________.

A.has been carried too far B.has not received enough attention

C.has failed to achieve its goal D.is not worth the money spent on it

4.The author seems __________.

A.to be interested in Project Tiger

B.to have a matter-of-fact attitude towards Project Tiger

C.to have an unfriendly attitude towards Project Tiger

D.to be satisfied with Project Tiger

B STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

When a new movement in art succeeds in arriving at a certain fashion(时尚), it is advisable to find out what its supporters are aiming at, for, however improbable and unreasonable their rules may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal .As to Futurist poems, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poems may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be regarded as Literature(文学).

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says for a noise and injury and speed. As a result, our feelings and thoughts have experienced a suitable change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too ,if we want to understand modern pressure. We must pour out a large quantity of most important words, unprevented by stops, or limiting adjectives, or limiting verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that copy them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words as one wishes.

Certainly their descriptions of battles are mistaken. But it is a little worrying to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line is made up of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'

This, though it satisfies the laws and requirements of Futurist poems, can hardly be regarded as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first suggestion: that a great change in our emotional(feeling) life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we basically changed?

TOTAL WORDS: 328_ FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:_____

5.This passage is mainly____ .

A.an examination of new entrance to art B.a review of Futurist poems

C.about values of the Futurist movement D.about laws and requirements of literature

6.When a novel literary(文学的) idea appears, people should try to_____ .

A.determine its purposes B.take no notice of its faults

C.follow the new fashions D.accept the rules

7.Futurists demand that we must____ .

A.increase the production of literature B.use poems to lessen modern pressures

C.develop new ways of expression D.try not to use adjectives and verbs

8.The writer believes that Futurist poems are_____ .

A.based on reasonable rules B.new and acceptable to ordinary people

C.showings of basic change in human nature D.more of a brief thing than literature

C STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

Aimlessness has hardly been common to the postwar Japan whose productivity and social agreement are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a failure of the traditional(传统的) work-moral(道德) values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely satisfied its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.

The coming of age of the postwar baby cry and an entrance of women into the man controlling job market have limited the opportunities of young persons who are already questioning the heavy personal losses connected with climbing Japan's firm social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent study it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. Besides, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their workers in the 10 other countries studied.

While often praised by foreigners for its special force given to the basics, Japanese education is likely to give importance to test taking and mechanical(机械的) learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely taken no notice of," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee(委员会)." Dissatisfaction with this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school injury, including 929 attacks on teachers. Amid the outcry, many careful leaders are seeking a return to the prewar special force given to moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister,expressed surprise when he argued that progressive reforms introduced by the American employment experts after World War had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."

But that may have more to do with Japanese ways of life." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can bear." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where society and the enlarged family have been given up in favor of standing alone, two generation families. Japanese in the cities have long borne too long commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions ,but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past ten years, the Japanese marriage ending rate(比率), while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and self-killings have increased by nearly one-quarter.

TOTAL WORDS:_470_ FINISHING TIME:___WPM:_____

9.In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was_____ .

A.under aimless development B.a doubtless example C.a match for the West D.getting near the end

10.According to the writer what may chiefly be in charge of the moral failure of Japanese society?

A.Women's share in social activities is limited.

B.More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.

C.Extreme special force given to his been placed on the basics.

D.Western values have had an effect on the way of life .

11.Which of the following is true according to the writer?

A.Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder

B.Japanese education is described the character by mechanical learning as well as creativity.

C.More importance should be given to development of creativity.

D.Dropping out leads to dissatisfaction at test taking.

12.The change in Japanese Way of Life is made known in the fact that____ .

A.the young are less patient of discomforts B.the marriage ending rate in Japan tops that in the U.S.

C.the Japanese bear more than ever before D.the Japanese enjoy their present life

D. STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

In only twenty years Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nation's school, it became clear that a new class of college achievers was appearing. Their achievements are mirrored in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian- American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also affected by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more fairly. And the return on the money use in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.

Most Asian-American students owe their success to the effect of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do , and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that gives birth to success, such as good aims that place importance to family values and education.

Both explanations for college success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial mental picture. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the sufferers of social separation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down laughing at all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.

TOTAL WORDS:_284__ FINISHING TIME:____WPM:____

13.While making huge achievements at college, Asian -American students _______.

A.feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English

B.are afraid that their college successes bear a strong Asian character

C.still worry about unfair treatment in society

D.generally feel it's a shame to have to depend on their parents

14.Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because _________.

A.their English is not good enough

B.they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgement in these areas

C.there is a wide difference between Asian and western cultures

D.they know little about American culture and society

15.Why do the two "explanations" worry Asian American?

A.They are afraid that they would again be separated from American society in general

B.People would think that Asian students depend on their parents for success

C.Asian-Americans would be a danger to other minorities

D.American college achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character

16.The author's tone in this passage is _______.

A. merciful B.doubtful C. faultfinding D.impersonal

E STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

If strong desire is to be well regarded, the prizes of strong desire --health, honour , control over one's fortune --must be considered worthy of the losses made under the name of strong desire. If the tradition(传统) of strong desire is to have liveliness , it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an unusual way, however, it is the educated who have demanded to give up a strong desire as a perfect example. What is unusual is that they have perhaps most had the advantage over strong desire-if not always their own but that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of pretence in this, a case of closing the storehouse door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The places, place names and name trademarks may change, but such things do not seem less in demand today than ten or twenty years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit fully their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, in case they should be thought pushing, fond and ill-mannered. Instead, we are treated to fine pretended scenes, which now more than ever seem in rich supply: the critic(批评家) of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of books advanced in opinions and government plans who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist supporting sharing democracy(民主) in all stages of life, whose own children have attended schools not supported mainly by State. For such people and many more perhaps not so unusual, the proper expression is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing desirous."

The attacks on strong desire are many and come from various points of view; its public defenders are few and untouching, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result ,the support for strong desire as a healthy wish, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that strong desire is at an end, that people no longer feel its excitements and encouragements, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made foxy. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of determined and serious people trying to get on in life.

TOTAL WORDS:_451 FINISHING TIME:___ WPM:_____

17.It is generally believed that strong desire may be well regarded if _____.

A.its returns well make a suitable payment for some loss B.it is paid with money, honour and power

C.its goals are spiritual rather than material D.it is shared by the rich and the famous

18.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____ .

A.customary of the educated to give up strong desire in words

B.too late to check strong desire once it has been let out

C.dishonest to say no to strong desire after the completion of the goal

D.impractical for the educated to enjoy advantages of strong desire

19.Some people do not openly admit they have strong desire because____ .

A.they think of it as immoral(不道德)

B.what they seek after is not honour or wealth

C.strong desire is not closely connected with material advantages

D.they do not want to appear greedy(贪婪) and contemptible(可鄙的)

20.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that strong desire should be kept up_____ .

A.secretly and strongly B.openly and eagerly C.easily and momentarily D.orally and spiritually

★★35. In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are taken the place of because Disney refused to ______signs asking his "guests" not to step on them. A. put down B. put out C. put up D. put off

36.______ difficulties we may come across, we'll help one another to remove them.

A. Wherever B. Whatever C.However D. Whenever

37. So many directors________ , the managers' meeting had to be put off.

A. were absent B. been absent C. had been absent D. being absent

38. On New Year's Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_____ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.

A. incident B. event C. case D. affair

39. He will surely finish the job on time_____ he's left to do it in his own way.

A. in that B. so long as C. in case D. as far as

40. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _____in broad daylight yesterday.

A. being broken into B. having been broken into C. to have been broken into D. broke into

41.. Agriculture was a step in human progress_____ which in the end there was not anything that can be compared until our own machine age. A. in B. for C. to D. from

42. Agriculture was a step in human progress_____ which in the end there was not anything that can be compared until our own machine age. A. in B. for C. to D. from

43. No one had told Smith about ______a lecture the following day.

A. there being B. there be C. there would be D. there was

Unit 4 A STARTING TIME:MINUTES__________SECONDS_________

Like fine food, food writing is something we begin to consider with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the opposite, just as the cook has to experience a deep and thorough training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a manner in his writing, whatever its purpose-schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more prizing.

There are still some distant places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for money. There are a few managers who are lucky eno