06届高考英语时态考点易混点解读
秦建华
动词时态考点解读
一、对一般现在时的考查
1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词
always, every time,now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and
we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷）
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
解析：虽然航海发生在过去，但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时
2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before
等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
- What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?
- We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
解析：if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来
二、对一般过去时的考查
一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。
More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.
（2005年上海卷）
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
解析：last year表示过去，再者主语是复数形式
三、对现在进行时的考查
由上下文语境表示时间。
- What’s the terrible noise？
- The neighbours ____ for a party. （2004年北京卷）
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
解析：上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。
四、对过去进行时的考查
1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。
-You were out when I dropped in at your house.
-Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
解析：该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。该题是强调在过去某一时间（你来我家时）正在进行的动作（在机场等人），用过去进行时。句意：“我顺路去你家时，你不在家。”“啊，（那个时候）我在机场等从英国来的朋友。”
2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。
-Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
解析：该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有，问结果；他今天早晨（过去某段时间内）还在做（正在进行的动作）应当用过去进行时态。句意：“萨姆今天做完作业了吗？”“我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。”
3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。
Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.（98）
A.has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
解析：根据I don’t know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书，因而去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
五、对现在完成时的考查
1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。
①He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.（2005年湖北卷）
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
解析：have decided现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。
②Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of
England last night. （2005年重庆卷）
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused
解析：“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但D项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。
2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语
连用。
-The window is dirty.
- I know. It ________ for weeks. （2004年全国卷）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
解析：该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”
注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy,borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.
3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、
方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。
-Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（98NMET）
- I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put
解析：第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作
六、对现在完成进行时的考查
现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下：
1.现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或 仍在继续。
I have written an article.（已完成）
I have been writing an article. （还在写）
2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。
I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.另外注意的是：
表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided
yet.（2004年北京卷）
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
解析：该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完成进行时，表
示过去的动作（考虑返校学习）持续到现在（还没有决定）今后还有可能进行的
动作。句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。
七、对过去完成时态的考查
过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，常用此时态。
- George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）
A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
解析：没有被邀请发生在George and Lucy举行婚礼之前，即过去的过去。
常见考点有：
①把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。
When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
解析：考查动词时态。主句的动作在前，从句的动作在后，从句中谓语动词 started to walkback表示过去时间点，因此主句的动作应用过去完成时。
②把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. （2003年上海春）
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C.has been completed D.had been completed
解析：by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用，表示到过去某个时候前已经完成的动作。
动词时态易混点解读
一般过去时和现在完成时的比较
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s...这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.
1. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
2. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
解析： didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
3. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
解析：全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
4. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
. 解析：为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.
5. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
解析：注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “
--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
解析：强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果
2. --- Have you had any letters from him?
--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .
A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears
解析：不强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况．
现在进行时和过去进行时的比较
1.I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______.
A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come
C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come
解析：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现
在时.)
2.--- When shall we leave?
--- As soon as I ______ what I _______.
A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do
解析：as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.
3. At that time he _____ in the library.
A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work
解析： was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.
4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office.
A. were working; had left B. worked; left
C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave
解析：句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.)
5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.
A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice.
解析： 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.
一般过去时和过去进行时的比较
1.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.
A.wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished
C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish
解析：正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。
2.Tom________ into the house when no one ___________.
A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed
C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed
解析：slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。
3. As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell
解析：道理同上
4.The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
解析：道理同上
责任编辑：李芳芳