高考英语语法系列训练（六）介词
I．知识点归纳
一.介词的分类
1. 简单介词（如at , by , for , from , in , with , to , on） 2. 复合介词（如into, onto , within , outside）
3. 双重介词（如at about , from behind , from among, until after）
4. 短语介词（如in front of , in spite of , by means of, in addition to等）；有的介词可兼作连词（如after , until等）
二.介词的作用
介词往往跟后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中可充当以下成分：
1. 定语 如The boys in blue vests are the students of our school. 2. 状语 如Can you write in English ? (方式状语) 3. 表语 如 Japan is to the east of our country 4. 宾语补足语 如Make yourself at home.
三.常考易混的几种情况
1. at , in , on 和by表示时间
1) at
①表示时间的一点，时刻等 at sunrise , at daybreak , at dawn , at noon , at dusk , at midnight
②较短暂的一段时间，某个重大节日等at night , at midsummer , at Christmas , at New Year , at the Spring Festival
2) in
①用于某个较长时间（如年，月，星期，世纪，朝代，泛指的上、下午、傍晚等）
②在一段时间之后 Father will be back in a week.
3) on
① 具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、某个星期几等 We began to work on our arrival.
② 某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上On the eve of victory （胜利前夕）
③ 准时，按时 on time
4)by
① 不迟于，在（某时）前 He must have finished it by now
② 在…间，在…时候 We work by day and sleep by night.
2. besides , except , but , except for , except that / when …
1)besides 表示"除了…以外，还有"，但用于否定句时，与except , but 同义
We have no other books besides (=except) these.
2) except 表示"（某人或某物）除外" They all went to see the film except John.
3)but 意为"除了"，与except 同义。Except 强调被排除的部分，but 则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词或疑问代词。
She could do nothing but wait for the next bus. / Who would play all day but Jack ?
4)except for 表示除去整体中的一部分，有"除了因为…（with the exception of）"的意思，它所叙述的事实或细节部分地修正句子的主要意思。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
5)当except 用于句首时，后面往往也要加上for.
Except for this , everything is in order . = Everything is in order except this.
6)连接从句时except 后要用适当连词
This suit fits me well except that the trousers are a bit longer.
He does morning exercises except when it is raining.
3. in , to 和on的表示方位
1) in表示"在…之内" Fujian lies in the south of China.
2) to 表示在某范围之外的地方. Fujian lies to the south of Zhejiang Province.
3) on表示"毗邻""接壤" Monglia lies on the north of China.
4. 表示方向的to , for 和toward(s)
1) 在"来往行动"类的动词之后表示方向时，常用to . 如go , come , walk , run , dash , rush , move , fly , return, lead, take
2) 表示"起程、出发、离开"类的动词之后，常用for 。
3) 如果动词之后有"from … to …"这样的短语，即使第(2)类动词，也不用for。如
A new ship set off from England to America on its first trip.
4) 表示"朝…方向"时，to 和towards 同义，常可互换。只是toward(s)仅仅表示方向，不表示到达，而 to 不仅表示方向，还表示到达。
如：All roads lead to Rome.
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.
注意：towards还有“快要到、快接近”的意思，紧跟在后面的名词前常不用冠词。
5.介词的省略
1)表示时间时，用在next , last , this , these , yesterday , tomorrow , one , any , every , each , some和all等词之前的at , on , in通常都省略。如：this evening , yesterday morning , one day , every week
2)在某些名词词组前，可省，也可不省。如 (at ) the following weekend, (on) that day , (in) the year before last
3)表示时间的for 的省略，要看具体情况
①以 all开头的名词短语，表示延续的时间，for 须省略I stayed with her all the morning.
②表示一段时间的短语之前，for 可省，也可不省We're been here (for) three weeks.
③否定句中 for 不能省。I haven't seen him for ten years.
④时间状语位于句首，不能省for.
For the whole summer , the college student worked as a shop-assistant.
五.介词与某些词类的搭配
某些词类对介词有不同要求，即要求有固定的介词与其搭配，构成固定用法。
1. 名词与介词的固定搭配
1) 常与to连用的名词：attention, key , answer, visit , apology ,devotion, contribution , introduction 如： the key to the test , business visits to America , the introduction to the book
2) 常与in连用的名词：interest , satisfaction , expert 如an expert in swimming
3) 常与on连用的名词：mercy , congratulation 如have mercy on sb
4) 其它常用"名、介"搭配：prize for , respect for , victory over , struggle with
5) 注意：汉语中表达"…的"，在英语中要用多个介词，应区别不同含久。如： a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（of 表示"属于"） a ticket for tonight 一张今晚的票 （for 表示"给…用"） / a story about Lei Feng 雷锋的故事 (about表示"关于")/ a key to the door 这扇门的钥匙 (to表示"对于")/ a lecture on American history 一场关于美国历史的演讲（on表示"论述"）
2. 形容词与介词的固定搭配
1) 常与at连用的形容词: angry , good , bad, clever , terrified , surprised
2) 常与of连用的形容词：afraid, sure , full, tired, fond , proud , worthy , certain
3) 常与with连用的形容词：angry , strict, careful, busy, popular
4) 常与in连用的形容词：weak , strict, rich, interested, successful
5) 常与to连用的形容词：next , good, polite, kind , cruel, rude , known, married, close , near, similar, due
6) 常与for连用的形容词：sorry , good , famous , fit, unfit , eager, anxious, hungry
7) 常与from连用的形容词：far, different , free, safe , absent, tired
8) 常与about连用的形容词：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain
说明：使用时要注意用一形容词与不同介词搭配的不同含义。
如：He was angry at losing it. （表"生气"的原因）/ Don't be angry with him.（表"生气"的对象） He is good at maths . (表"擅长于") / He is good to me. （表"对某人友好"）
It is good for him. (表"对他有益")
知识点训练：
I.经典试题回顾：
1. He got to the station early ,______missing his train.（04江苏）
A in case of B instead of C for fear of D in search of
2. The journey around the world took the sailor nine months ,_______the sailing time was 226 days.（04广西）
A of which B during which C from which D for which
3.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (04北京)
A.With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of
4. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
5. The accident is reported to have occurred _______ the first Sunday in February . (04上海)
A. at B. on C. in D. to
6. Marie Curie made little notice______ the honors that were given to her later years. (02春季上海)
A. of B. on C. about D. from
7. ---You are so lucky. ---What do you mean______ that?
A. for B. in C. of D. by
8. In order to change attitudes ____employing women ,the government is bringing in new laws.
A about B of C towards D on (02春季北京)
9. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid ________ .（05上海春季）
A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours
10. - You know. Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so…（05重庆卷）
- So I have to be patient ______ him.
A. in ; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
11. The way he did it was different we were used to .（05江西卷）
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
12. I was just talking to Margot when Jackson _____ .（05湖南卷）
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
13. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it into parts.（05湖北卷）
A. down B. up C. off D. out
14. The Internet has brought big changes in the way we work.（05北京春季招生）
A. about B. out C. back D. up
15. We hadn’t planned to meet. We met _________ chance.（05高考，全国3）
A. of B. in C. for D. by
16. No one helped me . I did it all myself .（05高考，全国1）
A. for B. by C. from D. to
17. --- When do we need to pay the balance? --- __________ September 30. (06北京)
A. In B. By C. During D. Within
18. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (06全国Ⅰ)
A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in honor of D. in search of
19. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get ______.
A. between B. through C. across D. beyond (06全国Ⅲ)
20. Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______the visiting hours. (06福建)
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
21. Fred , who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind.
A. on B. in C. with D. at (06湖南)
22. This new model of car is so expensive that it is _______ the reach of those with average income.
A. over B. within C. beyond D. below （06江苏）
23.After the earthquake，the injured were cared _______in the hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (06江西)
A. of B. for C. after D. with
24.---Can he take charge of the computer company? （06四川）
---I’m afraid it’s _______ his ability.
A. beyond B. within C. of D. to
25. People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (06辽宁)
A. in B. at C. of D. about
Ⅱ．巩固练习
1. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ______ the wildlife in the area.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
2. The man insisted ______a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A find B to find C on finding D in finding
3. It was a pity that the great writer died ______his works unfinished.
A for B with C from D of
4. The trees ______ front of the hall are_____ the charge of Lao Wang.
A. at, in B. in, by C. in, in D. from, in
5._____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?
A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher together with D. All except
6 .We are going to the bookstore in John’s car . You can come with us ___you can meet us there later.
A .but B and C or D then
7 .Go______ the gate and you will find the entrance_____ the park _____ the other side.
A. through, to, on B. along, of , on C. down, to ,at D. up, of, by
8.Let's walk over______ the sun on the other side of the street. A. in B. to C. under D. by
9 .His best-known work that is______ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A. without B. beyond C. with D. within
10. Children are likely to get_____ if no one cares about their growth.
A. out of hand B. away from the hand C. out of the hand D. away from hand
11. My uncle is good ____me, but he is strict ____me too and always tells me to be strict ___ my study.
A. for, with, at B. to ,with, in C. for, in , with D. at, with, at
12. At that time they were short______ money, that is, they were______ need of money.
A. with, at B. by, with C. for, for D. of ,in
13. They are_____ the same size, though_______ different colors.
A. of, with B. to, in C. of, in D. in, in
14. The lecture will be held_____ next Sunday afternoon, that is to say, ____October 13,____ 1996.
A. on, on ,in B. on, in ,/ C. on, in, in D./, on, /
15. Look back______ the past and look forward ______ the future, we are full_____ confidence.
A. to ,to ,of B. upon, to, of C. on, up, with D. into, up, with
16._____ the help ______ my classmates, I made progress _____ all subjects______ physics.
A. Under, from , in, except B. With, from, on, except
C. Under, of, in, except for D. With, of, in, except
17.He's weak_____ English grammar but strong______ remembering new words.
A. in, in B. at, at C. at, on D. in, at
18.I know she is slow_____ understanding , but you have to be patient______ her.
A. at, on B. on, at C. in, about D. at, with
19.Don't trust him . He is_____ some tricks. A. out of B. up to C. away from D. out from
20.The house is beautiful and comfortable______ its distance from the main road.
A. besides B. but C. except D. except for
21.Her fluency in English gives her an advantage______ other girls for the job.
A. above B. over C. than D. with
22. Your ideas_____ mine. A. fit for B. fit in C. fit with D. fit in with
23.The TV set was repaired but not quite______ the owner's satisfaction.
A. at B. for C. of D. to
24.One should speak clearly and it is the same______ writing.
A. such as B. with C. in D. as
25. He takes great delight_______ painting. A. in B. for C. at D. of
26．Marie Curie made little notice _______ the honors that were given to her later years.
A of B on C. about D from
27. Smoking does great harm to our health , ________ is smoking allowed in public places.
A. At no time B. In no time C. At a time D. At all times
28. Don’t trust him . He is ______ some tricks.
A. out of B. up to C. away from D. out from
29. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _______ view.
A. from B. in C. before D. into
30. What he said just now had little to do with the question _______ discussion.
A. on B. in C. under D. at
31. _______ my return , I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back in several hours.
A. On B. In C. At D. With
32. _______ one time , Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton miles in the world.
A. On B. By C. At D. Of
33. The _______ look _____ her face suggested that she was angry.
A. surprising ; in B. surprising ; on C. surprised ; on D. surprised ; in
34. The house is beautiful and comfortable _______ its distance from the main road.
A. besides B. but C. except D. except for
35. Admission _______ the college is by entrance examination only.
A. for B. to C. in D. by
36. He will agree to do what you require _______ him. A. of B. from C. to D. for
37. There were fifty _______ when accident happened.
A. on the board B. on board C. board D. above board
38. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ________ children as Coca-Cola.
A. for B. in C. to D. with
39.Teachers have no right to force their own opinions ________ the students.
A. upon B. at C. in D. to
40. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the developments and recorded every detail.
A. in B. at C. for D.on
Key.
经典试题回顾
1-5 CAACB 6-10 ADCAA 11-15 CABAD 16-20 BBABC 21-25 ACBAD
巩固练习
1-5 BCBCD 6-10 CABBA 11-15 BDADA 16-20 DADBD 21-25 BDDBA
26-30 AABDC 31-35 ACCDB 36-40 ABDAD
责任编辑：李芳芳