代词的用法及作用: 代词-名词的替身 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

发布时间:2017-10-12 编辑:互联网 手机版

寒假专题二:代词

语法详解:

代词的用法及作用: 代词-名词的替身

1. 什么是代词?

代词是用来代替名词或名词性短语或句子的词类。从本质上说,它属于名词性词类,即在不指出具体名词、名词短语或名词性句子的情况下,用以代替说明它的词类。

2. 代词的分类

类 别 意 义 例 词

人称代词 代替人或事物的名称,有性别、数、格(主格和宾格)的变化 主格 宾格

第一人称 单数 I me

复数 we us

第二人称 单数 you you

复数 you you

第三人称 单数 he him

she her

it it

复数 they them

物主代词 表示归属关系,分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词,有人称和数的变化 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词

my mine

our ours

your yours

your yours

his his

her hers

its its

their theirs

反身代词 表示自身动作的承受者,有人称和数的变化 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

相互代词 表示相互关系的代词 each other, one another

指示代词 起指示的作用,在句子中相当于形容词 this, that, these, those, such

不定代词 指代不定数量及不定范围的人或事物 all, each, every, both, one another, other, some, any, either, neither, many, few, much, little, none, no, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything

疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句、常置于句首的代词,常有主格、宾格和属格之分 who, whom, whose, what, which

关系代词 用来引导定语从句(有先行词) who, whom, whose, which, that, as

连接代词 用来引导主语从句、表语从句、和宾语从句(没有先行词) who, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever, that

1)人称代词:

是替代我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们、她们、它们等人称的词。人称代词分为主格和宾格形式,并可有人称的单复数形式。按所替代人称的不同分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。通常所说的第三人称单数形式即指he, she, it和单数形式的名词。

A. 人称代词主格做句子的主语

例如:I have studied English for about three years. 我学习英语已经近三年了。

He likes reading newspapers after dinner. 他喜欢晚饭后看报纸。

They go to school on foot everyday. 他们每天步行上学。

B. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语、介词宾语

例如:Can I help you? 您想买点什么?

She has great concern for us. 她很关心我们

Thank you for asking us. 谢谢你邀请我们。

C. 人称代词作表语一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格。

例如:-Who is it? 谁呀?

-It’s me. 是我。(非正式)

-It is I. 是我。(正式)

D. 人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than用作介词,往往用宾格;如果as和than用作连词,则往往用主格。

例如:She reads faster than he. 她读得比他快些。

I am a good student as him. 我和他一样是个好学生。

E. we, you, they有时可用来泛指一般人。

例如:We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.

即使在危急时刻我们/你们也要保持冷静。

They say there is going to be trouble. 他们说要有麻烦了。

F. 第三人称代词it除了指“某样东西”之外,还有以下用法:

①指抽象事物

例如:You gave me a hand when I was in difficulty. I will never forget it.

在我困难的时候,你给了我帮助。我永远不会忘记的。

②指婴儿

例如:The baby was so lovely that I could not help kissing it.

这个婴儿如此可爱,我都忍不住亲了他。

③指时间、日期

例如:It was Tuesday. 那天是星期二。

What time is it? 几点了?

④指天气、环境

例如:I will go for a walk if it doesn’t rain this evening. 如果今晚不下雨,我将去散步。

⑤指距离

例如:It is 3 kilometers from your school to the post office. 从你们学校到邮局3公里。

G. 人称代词的排列顺序:几个人称代词同时作主语时,排列次序一般为:

①单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称

you and he (she); you, she (he) and I; you and I; it and I ;

例如:You, he and I should help one another. 我、你、他应该彼此帮助。

She and I are of the same age. 我和她同岁。

They’ll see you, him and me off. 他们要来为我、你和他送行。

②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称

we and you; we and they; we, you and they.

例如:We, you and they are all Chinese. 我们、你们和他们都是中国人。

注意:在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,I 放在其他人称前面表示勇于承认错误,we放在其他人称后面。

例如:I and my brother made the mistake. 我和兄弟犯了错误。

It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

They, you and we should leave there at once. 我们、你们和他们应该立即离开那里。

b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,

例如:I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,

例如:I and he will be punished for not arriving there on time.

由于没有准时到达,我和他将受到惩罚。

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

例如:I and William who is also new here will look round the college together.

我和也是新来的威廉将一同到学院各处看看。

注意:有时在叙述故事时常把动物人格化,可爱、美丽的动物用she来表示,凶猛的动物用he或it表示。表示船只、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用代词she。

例如:I have a lovely cat. She is my favourite. 我有一只猫,她是我的宠物。

The elephant is proud of himself because he has a big and strong body.

大象很骄傲,因为他身躯硕大而强壮。

China is my motherland. She is getting more and more powerful.

中国是我的祖国。她正变得越来越强大。

The moon usually shines brightly on the night of the Mid-autumn Day. She looks like a round silvery plate. 通常中秋节之夜月光明亮。她看上去酷似一个银色的圆盘。

2)物主代词:用来表示所有关系的代词,称为物主代词,有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二者虽然都是担任“替代”功能,但所起作用不同。形容词性物主代词属修饰性,所起作用相当于形容词,通常放在名词前面作定语,例如my computer我的电脑;名词性物主代词属名词性,所起作用相当于名词,它等于形容词性物主代词和其所修饰的名词,例如 This is his camera, not mine(=my camera). 这是他的照相机,不是我的。名词性物主代词通常放在名词的位置上(作主语、宾语、表语)

★形容词性物主代词的用法

A. 形容词性物主代词只用作定语,后面必须跟名词,不能单独使用。

例如:My brother didn’t go to work yesterday, for he was ill.

我哥哥昨天没去上班,因为他病了。

His teacher told him not to be late again. 他的老师告诉他不要再迟到了。

Their parents go to work very early in the morning. 他们的父母早晨很早就去上班。

B. 英语中表示身体所有的或随身携带的物主代词一般不可省略,而汉语中有时可以省略。

例如:He put on his hat and left. 他戴上帽子就走了。

C. 形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调。

例如:I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见的。

D. 以下的结构中,必须要用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词(不可用物主代词)。

例如:touch sb. on the head摸某人的头

hit sb. on the nose 打某人的鼻子

strike/hit sb. in the face/chest打某人的脸/胸部

take/catch/pull sb. by the head/arm抓住某人的头/手臂

名词性物主代词的用法

名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、表语、宾语。

A. 作主语

例如:Ours is the best team in the league. 我们的队在联赛中是最强的队。

Our room is on the first floor and yours(theirs) on the second.

我们的房间在一楼,你们的(他们的)在二楼。

B. 作表语

例如:The books over there are not mine. They are hers.

那边的书不是我的,是她的。

Whose jacket is this? It’s mine. 这是谁的夹克?是我的。

C. 作宾语

例如:May I use your mobile phone? I have lost mine.

我能用一下你的移动电话吗?我的丢了。

D. 名词性物主代词与of连用,可作定语

例如:That son of hers is very naughty. 她的那个儿子很淘气。

This painting of his is well painted. 他的这幅画画得很好。

3)反身代词:

反身代词是表示动作回到发出者本身,即主语和宾语为同一人或物,或强调代词或名词的一组代词。反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的所有格以及第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成。

★反身代词的用法:

A. 作表语

例如:She will be herself again in no time. 她一会儿就会好的

That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我。

B. 作宾语

例如:Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday? 他们上周日玩得高兴吗?

Make yourself at home. 别客气,就像在家一样。

C. 作主语或宾语的同位语。反身代词多可译为“本人”或“本身”。但有时为了加强语气,常译为“亲自”或“自己”。起强调作用时,反身代词可以放在被强调词之后,也可以放在句末。

例如:Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it himself.

没人教他绘画,他是自学的。

You’d better ask the teacher yourself(himself).

你最好亲自问老师。(你最好问老师本人)

Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.

我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物,我们自己烹调。

习惯用法:

in oneself本身,本质上of oneself独自 to oneself供自己用 by oneself独自地,单独地 for oneself替自己,为自己 between ourselves私下说的话(不可告诉别人)among oneselves…之间 amuse oneself自娱 excuse oneself自我辩解 call oneself自称 help yourself to随便吃 enjoy oneself过得很快乐 teach oneself 自学 speak to oneself自言自语 devote oneself to 献身于 lose oneself=lose one’s way迷路 make oneself understood让别人懂自己的意思 seat oneself=sit down=be seated坐下

4)相互代词:

A. 相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。它们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如:

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

B. 相互代词的句法功能:

a. 作动词宾语;

People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语;

Dogs bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 狗吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:

He put all the books beside each other.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other.

这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格,作定语:

例如:The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。

5)指示代词:英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词。常见的指示代词有:this, that, these, those, such, same等。

单数 复数

(近指)this这 these这些

(远指)that那 those那些

such这样的 same同样的 it它

★指示代词的用法:

a. this(these), that(those)都可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语或表语

例如:This is my doll. That is Mary’s. 这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的。(主语)

This building was designed by a Russian architect.

这栋大楼是一位俄罗斯设计师设计的。(定语)

What do you think of this? 你认为这个怎么样?(介词宾语)

Do you like these? 你喜欢这些吗?(宾语)

What I want to say is this. 我想说的是这样。(表语)

b. this和that 可以指在电话中交谈的对方,或像it 一样用来辨认某人是谁。

例如:Hello. This is Joe. Who is that speaking?

喂,我是乔。您是哪位?

That looks like your brother. 那人看起来像你兄弟。

c. this 和 that 可并列使用,表示确定的对象。

例如:From that station to this is a distance of exactly thirty miles.

那一站与这一站相距整整30英里。

Which do you prefer, this or that? 你更喜欢哪个,这个还是那个?

d. this(these), that(those)与表示时间的名词连用。

例如:this morning今天早上 this autumn今年秋天this week 这个星期this month这个月 this year今年 these days近来

e. 用在固定习语中:

例如:We were sitting there talking this and that. 我们坐在那儿,谈这谈那。

I quarrelled with Lucy just now, that’s all right.

我刚与露西发生了一点口角,不过没什么。

He has many faults, but for all that I like him.

他有许多缺点,尽管如此,我还是喜欢他。

What would you hope for more than that? 除此之外你还希望什么呢?

f. this(these)和that(those)的用法区别:

(1)this(those),是指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that(those),是指在时间上和空间上离说话人较远的人或物。

例如:This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生。

The police are on guard at that building. 警察守卫着那栋大楼。

There is not much demand for horses these days. 如今对马的需求量不大。

In those days we often went short of food and clothing.

那时候我们经常缺吃少穿。

(2)叙述事物的前后,that 指前,this指后。

例如:She is tactful, but I couldn’t call him that.

她很机智,而对他我就不能那样说了。

At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.

我们工厂有几台机器和这本杂志上所描述的相似。

What I have to say to you is this: if you don’t break off drinking for good, you’ll be sorry pretty soon.

我必须向你说明的是:如果你不彻底戒酒的话,你很快就会后悔的。

(3)that/those可以用来指代前面出现过的名词,以避免重复。

例如:The price of tin is higher than that of copper. 锡价比铜价高。

The students in Class One work harder than those in Class Two.

一班的学生比二班的学生学习更努力。

The colour of these curtains is the same as that of the rug.

这些窗帘的颜色和地毯的颜色一样。

The population of Guangzhou is larger than that of Haikou. 广州的人口比海口的人口多。

(4)“and this”“and that”也可以用来指前面提到的事,以避免重复。

例如:Her film was a complete failure, and this did her reputation a lot of harm.

她这部电影是彻底失败了,使她的名声受到很大的损害。

Suddenly everything went black and that’s the last thing I could remember.

突然眼前一片漆黑,这就是我记得的最后情景。

g. such的用法。

(1)作主语

例如:Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。

Such are the results. 结果就是这样。

Such is life. 生活就是这样。

Such is our study plan. 这就是我们的学习计划。

Such were his words. 这就是他说的话。

(2)做定语

例如:Such water is quite clean. 这样的水很干净。

Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.

这类书可能会增长你有关欧洲历史的知识。

Such men don’t daunt for anything. 这样的人毫不足取。

注意:such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词a (an),这个不定冠词应放在such之后。

例如:I don’t like such a book. 我不喜欢这样的书。

He is such a man. 他竟是这样一个人。

He spent all his money; he is such a fool. 他这么傻,花光了所有的钱。

Everyone was indoors on such a night.

在这样的夜晚,大家都呆在家里。

no/one/another/some/many/all1+ such + 名词:

例如:No such person exists. 这样的人是不存在的

One such grammar book is enough. 一本这样的语法书就足够了。

Some such story was told to me years ago.

几年前我就听过一些这类的故事。

Any such request is sure to be turned down. 任何这类要求肯定会碰壁。

such a + 形容词 + 名词:

例如:He is such a kind man. 他如此的和蔼可亲。

The garage did such a bad repair. 修车厂的活干得如此差。

such as:

例如:We dislike people such as him. 我们不喜欢像他这号人。

A plan such as you propose will never succeed.

像你提出的这种计划永远不会成功。

They sell different pies in the restaurant, such as apple, cherry, and strawberry pies.

这家餐馆有不同的馅饼,例如苹果、樱桃和草莓馅饼。

He knows six languages, such as Chinese, Russian, etc.

他会讲6种语言,例如汉语、俄语等。

such 1 (that):

例如:The child had such a fever (that) he nearly died.

这孩子发烧这么厉害,差点死掉。

He told such funny stories that we all laughed. 他讲了这么滑稽的故事,把我们都逗笑了。

such 用于固定习语中:

例如:We can go in my car, such as it is. 我们可以坐我的车,虽然我的车子不太好。

You can borrow my exam notes, such as they are.

你可以借我的考试笔记去看,虽然它们记得不是很好。

(3)做表语

例如:His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病害不至于使人焦虑不安。

The birds were such as I never saw before. 这样的鸟,我从未见过。

The problems are such that we can’t solve by ourselves.

这样的问题,我们自己是解决不了的。

(4)作宾语

例如:Take from the drawer such as you need. 你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧。

If you act like a child, you will be treated as such.

你要是这样孩子气,人家就把你当孩子看待了。

h. same的用法:

same(同样的)也是指示代词,使用时same之前必须用定冠词the,它也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

例如:

(1)作主语

例如:The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同样情况。

The same happened to me. 我也发生了同样的情况。

(2)作宾语

例如:She went to swim and I’ll do the same. 她去游泳了,我也去了。

Whatever I did, he tried to do the same. 无论我做什么,他都试图跟着做。

I don’t feel the same about you as I did. 我现在对你的看法和过去不一样了。

(3)作表语

例如:His name and mine are the same. 他和我同名。

Our ideas are exactly the same. 我们的想法完全一致。

(4)作定语

例如:The students are doing the same thing. 学生们在做同样的事情。

I’m quite sure they were doing the same problem.

我敢肯定他们解决的是同一个问题。

We eat much the same thing for breakfast every day.

每天早餐我们总是吃这些同样的东西。

I live in the same house as he. 我跟他同住一所房子。

This bag is the same size as that. 这个包和那个包的大小一样。

This is the same watch that I lost last night. 这就是我昨晚丢失的那只手表。

(5)作状语

例如:Thank you all the same. 我还是要谢谢你。

(6)用于固定词语中

例如:I realize she can be very annoying, but all the same I think you should apologize forlosing your temper with her. 我知道她有时很讨厌,尽管如此,我还是认为你应该为你向她发脾气而道歉。

i. so的用法:

(1)作表语或宾语

例如:Be it so. 这样就行。(表语)

I can hardly think so. 我不这样认为。

She is an actress, so is he. 她是演员,他也是。

You work as a tour guide, so do I. 你是做导游工作的,我也是。

(2)用在某些动词后,代替一个宾语从句,否定式中可用not 代替so,这些动词有believe相信, think认为,expect期望 suppose猜想,imagine想象,设想 guess猜测,hope希望,be afraid恐怕等。

例如:-Do you think he will come? 你认为他会来吗?

-Yes, I think so. 是的,当然。

-He is French? 他是法国人吗?

-I believe not. 我想不是。

-He’s gone to school.他去上学了吗。

-Jenney said so. 珍妮是这样说的。

(3)代替宾语从句表示消息来源,放在句首

例如:-Mary is getting married. 玛丽要结婚了。

-So I heard. 我听说了。

6)疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,在句中应位于谓语动词之前。

(1)常见的有who, whom, whose, what, which. who常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语,whose, what, which可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,所以它们又可称为连接代词。疑问代词除who之外,没有格的变化,只有指人和指物的区别。

(2)疑问代词的用法

①who, whom的用法

who只能指人,常作主语和表语,只有名词性质。在非正式英文和口语中,who可以代替whom, 但介词后面要用whom;whom也指人,常用作宾语,也只有名词性质。

例如:Who would you like to go with? 你想和谁一起去?

By whom was the house built? 这所房子是谁建的?

Who(Whom) are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

②whose的用法

whose和物主代词一样,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

例如:Whose is better? 谁的更好些?

Whose room is this? 这是谁的房间?

③what的用法

what 表示“什么(人或物)”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词性质,做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。

例如:What is happening now? 发生什么事了?(主语)

What would you like to buy? 你想买点什么?(宾语)

What’s your father? 你父亲是做什么工作的?(表语)

What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点起床?(定语)

提醒:what 可用来指人的职业,例如:What is your father?

what 可用于感叹句,例如:What a fine day today?

what与like连用表示“……怎么样”例如:What is the weather like today? 今天天气如何?

④which的用法:

which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个(哪一些)”人或物,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、定语和宾语等。

例如:Which is yours? 哪一个是你的?(主语)

Which sport do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一项运动?(定语)

Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 你喜欢哪种饮料,茶还是咖啡?(宾语)

注意:

(1)who, what, which作表语(指人)时的区别:who问人的身份,多指姓名、关系。what问人的职业。which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人。

(2)what 和which作定语时的区别:what指“什么”、“哪种”,不限制范围。which指在相当数目中的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定范围内。

(3)疑问代词做主语时,后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,主要看代表的人或物是单数还是复数。

7)不定代词

不定代词,顾名思义,就是没有确定代替对象的代词。主要分为两类:

(1)由body, one, thing分别与some, any 和 no构成的合成代词:

somebody anybody everybody nobody

someone anyone everyone no one

something anything everything nothing

(2)既可担任独立名词性成分(主语、宾语),也可置于名词前对名词作出限定的不定代词:

all another any both each

either few little many much

neither none other some

用法一、some 和 any, 以some, any, no 开头的合成代词

一般来讲,some 构成的合成不定代词用在肯定句中,any构成的合成不定代词用在否定句和疑问句中,表示“某,一些”;如果some用在疑问句中,则表示请求,是希望得到一个肯定的回答;any类不定代词如果用在肯定句中,则是表示“任何人或物”之意;no和不定代词可构成否定句,相当于not a 或not any.

例如:Did anybody ever hear of such a thing? 谁曾听说过这样的事吗?

Anyone can do this. 这事谁都能做。(anybody和anyone表示“任何人”)

Something has happened. 出事了。(something 表示“某种东西”)

-Who is in the reading-room? 谁在阅览室里?

-Nobody (No one) . 没有人。(nobody和no one意思相同,表示“没有人”)

No man is born wise. 没有人生来博学。(no修饰可数名词,表示没有。)

Could you lend me some money? 你能借给我一些钱吗?

(some用在疑问句中,表示请求,希望得到肯定的答复。)

He had a good position in some shipping firm. 他在海运公司有个很好的职位。

(some有时和单数名词连用,表示“某个”。)

He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一份工作,任何工作都可以。

(any可表示“任何一个,接近于一个不定冠词”。)

用法二、many, much, few, little

修饰可数名词 many许多 few少数 a few几个

修饰不可数名词 much很多 little很少 a little一点儿

many 主要用在疑问句以及否定句中,也可在肯定句中修饰主语等,还可和too, so等词一起连用:

例如:Do you have many friends? 你有很多朋友吗?(many用在疑问句中)

Many people do not get enough food to eat. 很多人没有足够的食物吃。(修饰主语)

I never saw so many birds on the lake.

我从未看见湖上有这么多的鸟。(many 用在否定句中)

much也表示“很多”,但只能修饰不可数名词,much也可与too, so等词连用,用在句首或句中:

例如:Do you take much interest in this thing?

你对此兴趣大吗?(interest是不可数名词)

So much time has been wasted these days.

最近可是浪费了大量的时间。(time是不可数名词)

few 和 little均具有否定意义,表示“很少”,不同之处在于:few修饰可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。

例如:I have little opportunity of seeing the country. 我几乎没有机会来看这个国家。

(opportunity“机会”不可数名词)

They have very little money. 他们几乎没什么钱。(money不可数名词)

Few men live to be 100. 活到100岁的人很少。(men可数名词)

a few 和 a little均具有肯定意义,表示“有几个”“有一点”,a few修饰可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词:

例如:He asked me a few questions. 他问了我几个问题。(questions可数名词)

There is only a little time left, isn’t there? 只剩下一点时间了,是不是?(time不可数名词)

用法三、all, each, none

all用作限定词, 在句中作定语,1、修饰可数名词,表示“所有的”,2、也可修饰不可数名词,表示“一切”,3、还可以和可数名词单数使用,表示“整个”,4、all也可用作代词,代表可数的东西或不可数的东西,在句中作主语、宾语等,5、同时,all在句中也可用作同位语。

例如:All my children can swim. 我的孩子们都会游泳。

He works hard all his life. 他一生都在努力工作。

Now all was changed. 现在一切都变了。

The people at the meeting all voted against it. 与会的人都投票反对这件事。

each用作限定词,表示“每一个”,还可用作主语或宾语,有时还可用作主语或宾语的同位语。

例如: He gave each child a present. 他送给每个小孩一件礼物。

Each of the houses is painted in different color. 每间房子都被粉刷成了不同的颜色。

none 和 no 都是否定词,no用作定语,none则用作主语、宾语或同位语。none有时可指不可数的东西。

例如:I have no time to wait. 我没有时间去等待了。

None of the machine is working. 没有一台机器可用。

-How many elephants are there in the zoo? 动物园有多少头大象?

-None. 一头也没有。

用法四、both, either, neither; both1and, either1or, neither1nor

both, either, neither这三个词都指两者,both表示“两者都”,全肯定,谓语动词用复数;either表示“两者中的任何一个”,谓语动词用单数;neither表示“两者都不”,全否定,与单数动词连用。

例如:Both are Young Pioneers. 两个都是少先队员。

Either of the boys is good at swimming. 这两个男孩谁都擅长游泳。

Neither window faces the mountain. 两个窗户都不对着大山。

Both…and意思是“两者都”,谓语动词用复数;either…or意思是“或……或”、“不是……就是”,表示两者之一;neither…nor意思是“既不……也不”,表示两者都不。它们如连接两个主语部分,谓语动词的人称和数应与靠近谓语动词的那一个一致。

例如:Both my father and I were there at that time. 我和我的父亲那时都在那里。

Either you or he is wrong. 不是你就是他错了。

Neither his sister nor he was at home. 他和他的妹妹都不在家。

用法五、other, the other, others, another

含 义 替代名词 放在名词前修饰名词

单 数 复 数 单 数 复 数

泛 指 another others another + 单数名词 other + 复数名词

特 指 the other the others the other + 单数名词 the other + 复数名词

another相当于 an other, 表示的是众多中的另一个;the other常常与one连用,表示两个中的另一个;others相当于another的复数形式,泛指剩余当中的其中一部分;the others特指,相当于the other的复数形式,表明的是剩余中的全部(the other也是剩余的全部),与the rest 同义。

【典型例题】

例:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

1)选择填空

1. Is this picture ______?

A. my B. her C. yours D. our

2. Some of ______ are workers.

A. they B. their C. them D. themselves

3. A friend of ______ came here yesterday.

A. my B. his C. her D. your

4. I saw ______ in the street yesterday afternoon.

A. he B. his C. him D. himself

5. I’ll go to see ______ tomorrow morning.

A. she B. hers C. her D. herself

6. Mr. Li teaches ______ English.

A. us B. we C. our D. herself

7. These are ______ books. ______ are over there.

A. I, You B. my, Your C. my , Yours D. mine, Yours

8. You cannot finish the work ______ .Let me give you a helping hand.

A. youself B. yourself C. by you D. you only

答案:CCBCCACB

例:词型转化

1. Please show ______ the way to the hospital. (I)

2. Grandma often tells ______ stories. (we)

3. This is ______ room. (you) ______ is next one. (she)

4. Help ______ to some fish, children. (you)

5. They enjoyed ________to some fish, children.(they)

6. We like _________ English teacher. (We)

7. Please listen to _______ carefully. (he)

答案:me us your, Hers yourself themselves our him

【模拟试题】(答题时间:25分钟)

不定代词

一、选择填空:

1. I want ______books to read . Do you have ________?

A. some, any B. any ,some

C. other, another D. some ,some

2. I have two pens. One is red ,_______is blue.

A. the other B. others

C. other D. another

3. Mike and Joan are ______good at maths .

A. neither B. both

C. each D. no one

4. There are fifty pupils in their class. _________of them are league members .

A. Both B. Either

C. All D. No one

5. There is plenty of snow this winter .

A. many B. more

C. much D. a few

6. Look at those students. Some are cleaning the window ,_________are sweeping the floor.

A. The other B. Other

C. Others D. The others

7. There are six people in the office ._____________of them are party members.

A. All B. Both

C. Few D. A few

8. The film is not interesting ._________people like it .

A. Little B. A little

C. Few D. A few

9. The artist has learned Russian for four months and he can write ___________Russian now .

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

10. That scientist was too busy to work in his lab. He had ___________time to do the research work.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

11. Would you like __________milk ?

A. some B. any C. little D. a few

复合不定代词

一、选择题

1. All the students had gone out . There was _________in the classroom .

A. somebody B. anybody

C. nobody D. everybody

2. There _________ wrong with my radio .

A. are something B. are anything

C. is anything D. is something

3. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom. She had ________to tell him .

A. important something B. nothing important

C. anything important D. something important

4. There _____wrong with the machine .

A. aren’t something B. aren’t anything

C. isn’t something D. isn’t anything

5. Since __________is here , let’s begin our meeting .

A. anybody B. everybody

C. somebody D. nobody

【试题答案】

不定代词

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C

6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C

11. A

复合不定代词

1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. B

责任编辑:李芳芳