句子次要成分：表语／定语／状语／补语
一、表语
系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句也都可等充当表语。系动词与表语共同构成谓语，来说明主语的状态、性质等。
练习 请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当
（名词、数词、形容词、介词，不定式，分词，还是从句）。
1. My wallet is on the desk.
2. The book isn't mine. '
3. The leaves turn yellow in fall.
4. He has become a police officer.
5. My suggestion 'is户 that=we should start at once.
6. My suggestion is to-leave at once.
7. His speech was boring.
8. The whole class got excited at the good news.
二、定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用的；作定语的典型词类是形容词、形容词性物主代词和定语从句，此外，数词、名词、介词短语、分词也可作定语。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但下列情况要位于所修饰的名词之后：
(1)形容词修饰不定代词时；(2)短语或从句作定语时还有其它形式等。
练习请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当
（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）。
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
2. The wallet on the desk is mine.
3. The demanding boss wasn't satisfied with my work.
4. That building being repaired is our library.
5. He is one of the students that have been late.
6. The excited boys burst into cheers.
7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.
三、状语
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义的。作状语的典型词类是副词和状语从句，此外，介词短语、不定式、分词等也可作状语。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。
练习请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当
（副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句）。
1. He did his homework carefully at home.
2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday
3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.
4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.
6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
四、补足语
补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等也可作补语。
练习 请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当
（名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词）)
1. They elected John monitor.
2. He treated his mistake as a joke.
3. We heard her singing a song.
4. He told me to make my own decision.
5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.
6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.
【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动语态，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。
例如：
He was acknowledged to be the best player．
他被公认为是最佳选手。（不定式作主语补足语）
即时练习
把句中的从句划出来并说明其在句子中充当的成分，把整个句子翻译成中文。
1. Space and oceans are the new worlds which scientists are trying to explore.
2. That is why the computer can be made to store information.
3. The pressure changes each time the temperature is adjusted.
4., The day will come when man can make better use of the sun’ s energy.
5. We consider it necessary that a plan should be made before doing a work.
6. We study hard so that we may be better able to serve the people.
7. They are trying to discover what caused the accident.
8. It is true that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment.
一、表语
1. on the desk．介词短语
2. mine名词性物主代词
3. yellow形容词
4. a police officer名词
5. that we should start at once．表语从句
6. to leave at once不定式短语
7. boring现在分词
8. excited过去分词
二、定语
1. beautiful形容词；many，数词
2. on the desk介词短语
3. demanding现在分词；my形容词性代词
4. being repaired现在分词短语；our形容词性代词
5. one数词；that have been late定语从句
6. .excited过去分词
7. woman名词；good形容词
三、状语
1. carefully副词；at home介词词组
2. to do some shopping不定式作目的状语；on Sunday介词短语 表时间
3. When I grow up，时间状语从句
4. Feeling tired现在分词短语表原因；without supper介词短语 表方式
5. due to his lack of patience介词短语表原因
6. Brought up in the country过去分词短语表原因
四、补语
1.' monitor名词
2. as a joke，介词词组
3. singing a song现在分词短语
4. to make my own decision动词不定式
5. wrong形容词
6. caught by a bird过去分词短语
即时练习
1. which scientists are trying to explore.（定语从句）
太空和海洋是科学家正在努力探索的新世界。
2. why the computer can be made to store information.（表语从句）
那就是电脑可以储存信息的原因。
2. each time the temperature is adjusted（时间状语从句）
每次气温调节，气压都会改变。
4. when man can make better use of the sun's energy（定语从句）
总有一天人类能更好地利用太阳能。
5. that a plan should be made before doing a work.（宾语从句）
我们认为有必要在工作前制定计划。
6. so that' we may be better able to serve the people（目的状语从句）
为了能更好为人民服务，我们努力学习。
7. what caused the accident（宾语从句）他们正试图发现事故的起因。
8. that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment（主语从句）
我们的实验尚未成功，这是事实。