句容二中9A Unit 2 语法讲义

发布时间:2016-8-20 编辑:互联网 手机版

一、Would rather….句型的用法

1.我们先来看一下rather这个词用法:

rather用作表示程度的副词,意为“相当”“太”,与very, quite, too同义,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:This book is rather bad. 这本书相当差。

rather和quite可用来修饰名词,一般放在冠词前面。

That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的画。

2.以下是重点:

Would rather…than…意思是“宁愿….而不原,喜欢….而不喜欢。”在使用时,前面和后面都必须用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式应该在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not,疑问句将would提前。如:

★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2种:

①、would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事

②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. (在此句型中,如果两个动词相同则后面一个动词可以省略。)

例:①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她宁可明天呆在家。

I’d rather not tell you about it . 我宁愿不告诉你此事。

② I would rather have the red one than (have)the green one.我宁愿要红的,而不要绿的。

I would rather play football than watch TV. 我宁愿踢足球而不愿看电视。

二、Prefer(=like…better)和prefer…to…的用法 :

prefer 是动词,它的过去式和过去分词都是preferred .它的意思是“宁愿,更喜欢”,相当于like…better,后面跟名词或代词,也可接不定式或动名词(短语)。

★★★prefer的重点句型有以下几种:

①.prefer (not) to do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth.

②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事

③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.

=would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2

=prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (这种句型属于第④种句型,to为介词)

④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A,而不喜欢B

(此句型中to为介词,其中A和B 可以是名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语)

例如:①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜欢呆在家里。

②They preferred their son (not) to go to college.

他们宁愿他们的儿子(不)去上大学。

③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room.

=I would rather look after the baby than clean the room

④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜欢城镇而不喜欢农村。

=I like the town better than the country.

⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜欢红色,而不喜欢蓝色。

=She likes red better than blue.

⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。

=she likes singing better than dancing.

=She prefers to sing rather than dance.

=She would rather sing than dance.

⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜欢呆在家里,而不喜欢到外面去。

=I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays.

=I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.

=I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.

三、由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法

▲由some;any ;no 和every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词,它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如:

-some -any -no -every

-body Somebody(有人,某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(没有人) Everybody(每人,人人)

-one Someone(有人,某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(没有人) Everyone(人人,每人)

-thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(没有东西) Everything(一切,事事)

Grammar (C) (D)

C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’

以上几个词都是指代人的不定代词,当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字时,就可以用不定代词来表示。

1.someone/somebody 用来表示“某人”,常用于肯定句中。

e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room.

②Somebody wants to see you at the gate.

2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何人”的含义时也用anyone/anybody。

e.g. ①Anyone(who feels tired or weak) should wear red that makes you feel energetic.

②Has anybody come?

③There is not anyone in the room.

④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.

3. no one/ nobody 表示“没有人”;“没有任何人”。本身是否定词,当然用于否定句中。no one 常用于书面语,nobody常用于口语中。(nobody = not anybody)

E.g. ①No one has come.

②Nobody knows where he is.

◆注意:以上不定代词在含义上都是单数,所以后面的动词要用单数形式。

e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book.

⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon.

D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’

something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代词,something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’,代表不确定的某样东西或不需要提起名字的某样东西。 none 既可指代‘人’,也可指代‘物’。

1.something 表示“某物”,常用于肯定句中。

e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag.

②Something is wrong with my bike.

2.anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句中或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何东西”的含义时也用anything。

e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything.

②Did he find anything?

③She didn’t say anything about it.

3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思,none 还可以和of连用,做主语或宾语。(具体区别请参与第四项)(nothing = not anything)

e.g. ①I have nothing to say.

②None of us want(s)to go there.

③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left.

★★★学习时请特别注意以下几点:

1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.

Everything is ready, Let’s start our party.

2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。

There is nothing wrong with your computer.

3.在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时,用some系列, 而不用any系列。

①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表请求)

②Could you pass me something to drink?(表请求)

③Why not ask someone for help?(表建议)

④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)

你难道不打算为你儿子做点事吗?

4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中,但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if条件从句中,表示“任何人(物)”的含义.

Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(处罚)

5.当句中有little, seldom, hardly,without等半否定意义的动词、形容词、介词或如too…to等具有否定意义的其它结构时,通常用any系列词项。如:

①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody.

6.every系列一般用于肯定句中,如果用于否定句则表求部分否定(不完全否定)。如:

Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每个人都喜欢吃三明治)

7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中,要用复数人称代词与之对应。

①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.

②Everyone was running as fast as they could.

8. 当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词(-one,-body)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用they,

当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词(-thing)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用it.

①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了,是吗?

② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切准备好了,是吗?

③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在门口等我,是吗?

9.回答how many 或how much开头的问句用 none, 回答who开头的问句用 nobody 或no one

回答what 引导的问句用nothing。如:

①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None.

②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one.

③---What's she doing? ----Nothing.

10.注意none, nothing, no one的区别: none 可以和of 连用,其它的不能和of连用;

none 与all 反义。(详见第四部分)

以下为附加内容:

四、none用法补充:none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。

none可指没有人或没有东西,在句中作定主语或宾语。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数。也可用复数。如:

①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“树上有多少只鸟?”“一只也没有”。

②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”.

“教室里有学生吗?”“一个也没有。”

③ I understood none of the questions. 这些问题我都不懂。

④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house .

我需要几根绳子,但家里一根绳子都没有。

⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.”

“还有西红柿剩下吗?”“没有,一点也没有了。”

⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他们中一个人也没有回来。

⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French.

我买了很多书,但没有一本是关于法语方面的。

[注]none ,nothing 和no one 的区别; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。Nothing表示“没有什么东西”,只能指物,不能指人,同时没有任何限制。No one 一般用来指人,使用时不受一定范围的限制,后面一般不接引导的介词短语.如:

①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你买衣服了吗?”“一件没买”。

②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“现在树上有鸟吗?”“一只也没有。”

③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么?”“什么也没有。”

④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你买什么了?”“没有买什么”。