动词时态题是历年各地高考测试的重点语法项目，也是考生失分比较严重的题目。《英语课程标准（实验）》要求考生掌握（八级目标）的英语时态多达10种。近几年高考在考查时态时，形式灵活多样，多体现在上下文语境中，且多在同一题中考查几个时态，这样无形中增加了试题的难度，使得一些考生总感觉时态题不可捉摸，无规律可寻。其实要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，平时还要注意体会动词在具体语言环境中的使用。本文现结合最新高考试题，对高考时态题的命题角度做一剖析，并提出相应的应对策略，以期帮助同学们更好地攻克高考时态题。
一、现在完成时
现在完成时主要有两种用法，即持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影响性用法(或叫已完成用法)。
影响性用法； 指的是动作发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，而说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响，此时一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。
持续性用法； 表示动作发生于过去，但在过去并未完成，而是从过去一直持续到现在，此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语。
so far(到目前为止)， by now (到现在为止)， up to [until] now (到现在为止)，
for + 时间段； 如：for five years, for some time ; for a time ;
in [for, during] the past [last]…years(在过去…年中)，
since 1980(过去时间点)； since +从句(从句用一般过去时)；
recently (最近)， lately（最近）
1.（2010山东卷30）. Up to now, the program ______thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved [D]
2.（2010浙江卷15）. For many years, people electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of [B]
【注意1】
主句用现在完成时， since 从句用一般过去时。在高考中，对这两部分都有过考察；
3. （2010重庆卷24）. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes [C]
4. （2009江西卷29）------- What is the price of petrol these days
------Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.
A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased [B]
5.[2008.全国卷I]----Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time ?
-----Yes ,since she ______the Chinese Society .
A.has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined [D]
【注意2】
主句是一般将来时， 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前， 如强调动作先后， 从句用现在完成时；看 6，7题 ；
6.( 2010全国I 28). When you are home, give a call to let me know you _________safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive [B]
7.（2010四川卷16）. 一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished [D]
二、 现在完成进行时； have /has been + 现在分词
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，或者刚刚停止或者还在持续。
We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。
8.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.
A. rained B. rains C. was raining D. has been raining [D]
以下是２０１０各省市对现在完成进行时的考察，足以看出这种时态的重要。
9.（安徽卷34）.----We’ve spent too much money recently.
----Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friends and relatives______ around all the time
A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming
10. (江苏卷23).-why, Jack, you look so tired!
---Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
11.(江西卷 30). Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she since her marriage to Father.
A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering
12.（辽宁卷24）. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone
13.（陕西卷21）. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
14（天津卷4）. We _______ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
15.（重庆卷31）.- Why do you want to work for our company?
-This is the job that I for.
A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
答案； DDDAA BD
【拓展1】
It be +时间段+since 从句；自从---到现在多久了。
当主句be动词使is/has been 时，since从句中谓语动词用一般过去时；
当主句be动词是was时，since从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
since 从句的谓语动词为非延续动词（终止性动词）
时间计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
It is /has been two years since his father died .他的父亲去世两年了。
=His father has been dead for two years .
=His father died two years ago .
It is /has been four years since he went abroad to further his studies.他去国外深造已经四年了。
=He went abroad to further his studies two years ago .
since 之后若出现延续性动词，其含义为“不做某事已多长时间了”。
It is three years since I smoked a cigarette .我不吸烟已经三年了。
【拓展2】
It is /was /will be +the first time +(that )+clause ； 这是某人第几次做某事
当主句谓语是is/will be 时，that 从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时；
当主句谓语是was时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was the first time that little Franz had listened so attentively.
Is this the first time you have visited Beijing ?
first可换成其它序数词；主句的主语不一定用it,还可用this, that ,this evening, yesterday , tomorrow 等；time 也可由其它名词如day, month, year等替代。
This is the second cigarette (that )I’ve smoked today.
这是我今天吸的第二支烟。
16.（2009陕西卷9）This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.
A . see B. had seen C. saw D.have seen [ D]
三、现在进行时 be (am.is are )+ 现在分词
1.表示此说话时正在进行或发生的动作；常与时间副词now , right now ,at present,at the moment 及动词look , listen 连用。也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与this week ,these days 等时间状语连用。
Listen ! Someone is knocking at the door .
I’m helping my father on the farm these days .
2. 某些动词,如 go, come, leave, start , leave , arrive drive 的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。如：
They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
I’m leaving for New York tomorrow.我明天动身前往纽约。
3. 现在进行时与 always, often, forever , constantly 等副词连用, 表示反复出现或习惯性动作，不强调动作正在进行，而表示说话人的情感；如不满，不耐烦，赞扬等 。如：
The boy is always telling lies .
She is always helping others .
You are constantly finding fault with me .
17. （2010北京卷24）.-- --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
-----But our friends for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting [D]
18. （2010天津卷10）. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited [C]
【分析】答案选 C。现在进行是被动，且考察了主谓一致的知识，Traditional folk arts是句子的主语；
19 .(2004浙江) Because the shop ______ ,all the T-shirts are sold at half price .
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down [C]
【分析】答案选 C。现在进行时表示将来动作，这家商店将要关门，倒闭。
20. He ________ of how he can do more for the people .
A. will always think B. is always thinking
C. has always been thought D. does always think [B]
【分析】答案选 C。现在进行时表示说话人的感情色彩。
四、表示将来动作的六种形式
将来时的时态形式 ； will / shall＋动词原形
将来时的非时态形式 ； 有以下五种形式；
1. be going to ＋动词原形”
① 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to；
若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。
“Ann is in hospital.” “Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her.” “安住院了。”“啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法，不能用be going to)
“Ann is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.” “安住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图，不能用will)
② 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常只用be going to，不用will：
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
⑶ be going to 表示主观判断将来肯定发生的事，will 表示客观将来的趋势。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die. 他病的很严重，他将要死了。
(你看到病的重，自己推断出的结果)
He will twenty years old. 她将要20岁了。
(这个人马上要过生日了，所以你说她将要20了，这是客观的趋势)
2. be+不定式 ：
表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如：
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.
明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
3. be about to + 不定式”：
表示即将发生的动作，有“即将,就要”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。
The film is about to begin . He is about to leave .
be about to ……when …… 正要去做…就在这个时候
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
我正准备离开，这时候天突然下起了雨。
21. [2002上海卷] He was about to tell me the secret ____someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when [D]
5. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示表示按计划或安排要发生的事。只限于go ,come ,
stay, leave , start , begin 等瞬间动词
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。
6.一般现在时表示已经预先计划安排的肯定将要发生的动作，主要用于come , go , start , begin , leave 等瞬间动作。句中常有表示时间的时间状语。例如火车飞机的时刻表。
The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。
22. “Did you tell Julia about the result?” “Oh, no, I forgot. I _________her now.”
A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
【分析】答案选 B。表示临时的决定，要用“will+动词原形”。
23. “What are you going to do this afternoon?” “I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _________ quite early, so we _________ to the bookstore after that.”
A. finished, are going B. finished, go C. finishes, are going D. finishes, go
【分析】答案选 C。由问句和答语I am going…可知，要用将来时态，排除选项A和B；电影的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计划，用一般现在时表示，而表示最近的打算或安排，则可用现在进行时表示。
五、过去完成时
过去完成时是一种相对时态，即以某一过去时间作参照，过去完成时表示的动作发生在这一过去时间的更过去，所以我们可以简单地用“过去的过去”这五个字来理解过去完成时态。如：
24.（2010江苏卷30）. ----Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
----We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be [C]
25.（2010安徽卷28）. ----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
----NO, I____ the book, so I already knew the story
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read [B]
26.（2010北京卷28）. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing [A]
特定句式的时态；
由no sooner. . . than---, hardly [scarcely]…when----; hardly ---before ----引出的时间状语从句，其主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。如：
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到她就抱怨起来。
No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang.
他刚睡着电话铃就响了。
No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts.
她刚同意嫁给他她就开始产生可怕的疑虑。
I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.
Hardly had I sat down before the telephone rang. 我刚一坐下电话就响了。
27.(2010福建 ) The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly , and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since [A]
六、一般现在时
一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。如：
28.（2010上海卷28）. Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had [B]
29.（2010辽宁）. I _______all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done [B]
注：有关一般现在时的另一个考点是“主将从现”原则，在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。
此时要特别注意的是，命题人有可能会设置形式上与状语从句相似且容易混淆的宾语从句作为命题切入点。如：
30.I don’t know if she ________, but if she ________ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
【分析】 答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
31.“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
【分析】 答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句
七、一般过去时
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。
牢记以下三点；
1. 一般过去时， 往往有一些固定的时间状语， 如； ago , yesterday , last week , last month , when he was a student(一定要注意这也是过去时的时间状语) ,
2. 一般过去时 ， 不但是过去时间点的动作，也可以是过去的时间段动作。
3. 近些年来， 对此时态的考察， 常放在情境交际中考察，即在两个人对话的情景中（现在），讲述之前的事情 （过去）；以33为例 ； 你弹钢琴很好， 但是， 我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。 什么时候不知道呢？是两人说话之前不知道，现在知道了。以现在为起点，之前不知道，当然用过去式。 34,35题 也是如此。
32.(2008天津14)He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played [B]
33.（2009全国卷I 29）Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known [A]
34.（2009四川卷18）-You speak very good French!-Thanks. I _______ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied [A]
35.（2009重庆卷28）-I’ve got to go now.
-Must you ?I ______you could stay for dinner with us.
A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking [B]
八、过去进行时
过去进行时主要表示过去某个时间点或时间段里正在进行或发生的情况或动作。如：
36.( 2010湖南卷31). I walked slowly through the market, Where people_________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold [B]
37.（2010全国I 21）-----Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
-----No, I_________ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do [A]
九、将来完成时 will [shall]+have+过去分词
表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作.
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
38.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ____ by 2006. (NMET2004北京)
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
【分析】答案选 C。 这是2004年的高考题，by 2006暗示该空表示“将已经被完成”，因此应用将来完成时被动语态动词形式will have been completed。
十、将来进行时； shall/will + be + 现在分词
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。
Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then.
8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。
Will you be using your bicycle this evening?今晚你用自行车吗？
39. (2010浙江卷5）. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ _ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating [D]
40.(2010福建卷31).--Guess what ,we’ve got our visas for a short -term visit to the UK this summer.
--How mice! you a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced [A]