动词的过去分词用法灵活，应用广泛，在高考试卷中，单项填空、完形填空、短文改错等诸多题型都设置了对动词过去分词的考查。本文主要讨论它的句法功能在高考单项填空中的应用。
一、过去分词作定语
1．(07上海) The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed
【简析】句中的The Great Hall与complete之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于which were completed，答案为C。
2．(06北京) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A add B to add C adding D added
【简析】根据句中的have been可知new events已经加入到比赛中，表示完成的动作；而且add与events又存在被动关系，答案为D。
3．(07湖南) “Things _____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A lost B losing C to lose D have lost
【简析】根据语境，我们应选A，因为things与lose的关系是lose things，是动宾关系，things是被丢的。
4．The Olympic Games，____________ in 776 BC，did not include women players until 1912．［NMET97］
A．first playing B．to be first played鶦．first played鶧．to be first playing【简析】根据题意可知，the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系，因此可以排除A和D，另外B表示将来的动作，也应排除，故答案为C。它可还原成一个非限制性定语从句：which was first played in 776 BC。
解题关键：动词过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的，单个的分词作定语常常放在被修饰词的前面，而分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。且分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
二、过去分词作状语
5．____________ more attention，the trees could have grown better．［MET90］A．Given B．To give鶦．Giving D．Having given
【简析】句子主语the trees与give之间是被动关系，故答案选A，过去分词短语Given more attention作条件状语，放于句首。
6．(07浙江) ____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A Driven B Being driven C To drive D Having driven
【简析】答案选A。drive与句子主语farmers的关系是farmers被驱使，因此用driven表示被动关系。Being driven是正在被驱使，不需要强调进行时。
7．The research is so designed that once ____________ nothing can be done to change it．［NMET2002］
A．begins鶥．having begun C．beginning D．begun
【简析】答案为D。once begun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式，句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以致于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它。
8．Generally speaking, ______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003’上海)
A. when taking鶥. when taken鶦. when to take鶧. when to be taken
【简析】完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when。
解题关键：过去分词作状语时，它常与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。作条件、原因、时间状语时，分词短语常位于句首；作伴随、方式、结果状语时，分词短语常位于句末。
三、过去分词作表语
9．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____________ by the hour．［NMET98］
A．pay鶥．paying鶦．paid鶧．to pay
10．As we joined the big crowd I got ____________ from my friends．［NMET2001］
A．separated鶥．spared鶦．lost鶧．missed
【简析】第9题答案为C，过去分词paid作系动词get的表语，类似的用法还有：get married，get beaten，get excited，get caught in等。同样，第9题答案为A，句意为：当我们走进人群中时，我和朋友们分开了。
过去分词作表语时，应注意它和现在分词的区别：现在分词常常表示特征，意为“令人……”，而过去分词则表示状态，意为“（某人）感到……”。再如：
11．I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time，but now I am interesting in football．［NMET97短文改错］［
答案］将interesting改为interested。
解题关键：过去分词及过去分词短语作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；而现在分词及其短语作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
12．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____________ ．［MET91］
A．hear B．to hear鶦．hearing D．heard
【简析】make oneself heard为固定结构，意为“使自己的声音被别人听到”，再如make oneself understood表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”，故答案为D。
13．-Good morning．Can I help you？-I'd like to have this package __________，madam．［MET89］
A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed
【简析】have sth．done是固定结构，意为“让别人去做某事”或“让某事被别人完成”，该题表示“我想让别人称这个包裹”，因此答案为D，过去分词weighed作this package的宾语补足语。
解题关键：过去分词作宾语补足语时，常见的句式有：
1．使役动词或感官动词(have, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等)＋宾语＋过去分词。如：
Yesterday I had my bicycle repaired．
The teacher spoke so slowly so that he could make himself understood．
On my way back home, I heard my name called．
另外，have还有“遭受、遭遇”的意思。如：
Yesterday she had her wallet stolen when she was doing shopping．
2．某些动词（keep, leave, get, find）＋宾语＋过去分词。如：
If I get further information, I’ll keep you informed．
When I came into the classroom, I found it cleared．
3．介词with＋宾语＋过去分词。如：
The child was crying with the glass broken．
With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch．
14．The murderer was brought in，with his hands ____________ behind his back．［MET90］
A．being tied B．having tied鶦．to be tied D．tied
【简析】在with复合结构中，hands与tie之间含有被动关系，因此首先排除B，另外此处tied不但表示被动，还可以表示完成，因此A、C又可排除，故答案为D。
15．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________ the next year．［NMET2000］
A．carry out鶥．carrying out鶦．carried out D．to carry out
【简析】该题句式结构较为复杂，首先，先行词the plan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句；在定语从句中，关系代词that替代the plan，又充当动词see的宾语，因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置；另外，the plan与carry out之间是动宾关系，故答案为C，构成see sth．done结构。