2015中考英语语法总复习讲义专题二:冠词(中考复习英语)

发布时间:2016-10-7 编辑:互联网 手机版

专题二 冠 词

中考对冠词的考查主要为:

不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法,零冠词的用法,习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。

Ⅰ.冠词的定义 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前,用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两类。

Ⅱ.冠词的用法

1.不定冠词a, an的用法

(1)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you.

(2) 不定冠词a 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;a useful book; a desk;不定冠词an 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如: an old man; an actor; an “m” 。

(3) 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如:There is a book on the desk, but the book isn’t mine.

(4) 表示人或事物的某一类。如:An elephant is bigger than a tiger.

(5) 用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“ 每一” 的意思,相当every 如: three times a week.

(6) 表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。I have a computer.

(7)用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

(8)可视为一个整体的两个名词前 eg: a knife and fork 一副刀叉

(9)用在某些固定词组中:如:have a good time; have a swim ,have a cold , half an hour ,a lot(of), after a while , in a hurry , for a long time, a few ,a little ,at a time ,

2.定冠词the的用法

(1)用来特指某人或某物,双方都知道的人或物的名词前如:Open the door, please.

(2) 用于上文提到的某人或某物。There is a kite on the wall. The kite is new.

(3)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前如:the sun; the moon; the earth; the sky

(4) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前,如:March is the third month of a year. He is the cleverest boy in his class.

(5) 用在某些形容词前, 表示一类人。如:the rich; the poor; the young; the old等。

(6) 用在西洋乐器名词前。如:play the violin

(7) 用在表示方位的名词前。如:in the east/north/west/south

(8) 用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜古迹等专有名词前或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Yellow River; the Great Wall; the West Lake; the White House等

(9) 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。eg:The Greens are watchingTV now

(10)用于形容词或副词比较级等构成“ the...the... ”的句式中,表示“越……越……”。如: The more, the better.

(11)用于固定搭配中。all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上in the open air 在户外,在野外

3.零冠词的用法

(1)棋类活动,球类运动,一日三餐,学科名词前不用任何冠词 play chess play football have supper We all like English.

特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

(2)称呼语前不用冠词, 表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。

如:I don’t feel well today, Mum./ This is Professor Li/ /Hello, Lily.

(3)在节假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前,用零冠词.

如:Teachers’ Day; Mother’s Day; on Monday; in May; in summer

▲但若指某年的某月份或某年的某季节,需在月份或季节前加the, eg:The winter in 2008 was very cold.

(4)名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词 my book(正);my the book(误)

(5)有些专有名词, 如人名,地名,国家名,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。

如: China; Japanese; milk; love等。Jim lives in China.

(6)不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前用零冠词 We can’t live without water./ Horses are good animals.

(7)用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名,路名,山名等名词前 Hainan Island / Nanjing Road

(8) by与火车等交通工具连用,用零冠词

eg:by bus/ by train/by car/ by bike 注意:take a bus/ on the bike/ in a boat

(9)在某些固定搭配里,名词之前常不用冠词. QQ378459309制作

如on foot; at home; at night; from morning till night, on time, in time, at first, at last等。

(10)用与不用冠词的差异

①in hospital住院 / in the hospital在医院里②in front of在…(外部的)前面 / in the front of在…(内部的)前面

③at table进餐 / at the table在桌子旁 ④by sea乘船 / by the sea在海边

⑤go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…) /go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

⑥two of us我们当中的两人 / the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

⑦a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)