八年级上册一、二单元知识点
一、复合不定代词
1.构成：由some,any,every,no加上one ,body,thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。具体见下表：
one body thing
some someone somebody something
any anyone anybody anything
every everyone everybody everything
no no one nobody nothing
2.用法：
（1）复合不定代词被形容词、动词、不定式等修饰时，要放在它们的后面。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
There is nothing wrong with the radio.这个收音机没有毛病。
Do you want anything to drink?你想喝点什么吗？
（2）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。
Someone is waiting for you at the door.有人在门口等你。
（3）肯定句中用含some,疑问句和否定句中用含any。但在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中，常用含有some的不定代词。
Would you like something to eat?你想要些吃的东西吗？
（4）anyone,anything也可以用在肯定句中，前者表示“任何人”，后者表示“任何事”。
Anyone can do this.任何人都会做这个。
I can anything for you.我能为你做任何事。
3.go on vacation“去度假”;vacation同义词为holiday,意为“假期”。be on vacation“在度假”。
I want to go on vacation in Hainan this winter.今年冬天我想去海南度假。
They are on vacation at the seaside.他们正在海边度假。
2.buy意为“买，购买”，过去式为bought。buy后可接双宾语，即buy sb. sth=buy sth for sb.“给某人买某物”。
My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me.我爸爸给我买了辆自行车。
3.nothing much to do意为“没什么事可做”。There is nothing much to do,so I go to bed early.没什么事可做，因此我就早早睡觉。
nothing…but …意为“除……之外什么也没有；只有”。But后可接名词或动词原形。
I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝杯茶。（名词）
I had nothing to do but watch TV.我无事可做，只有看电视。（动词原形）
4.decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。其否定形式为decide not to do sth.“决定不做某事”。
They decide to visit the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。I decide not to buy a new car.我决定不买一辆新车了。
5.feel like“感觉像”。其后接从句。He feels like he is swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样。
feel like doing sth.=want to do sth.=would like to sth“想要做某事”
6.wonder=want to know“想知道”I wonder where he went.=I want to know where he went.我想知道他去哪儿。
7.enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。
enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun“玩得开心；过得愉快”
8.感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。主要有以下几种结构。
（1）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的一本书啊！
（2）What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！
What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊！
（3）How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
How beautiful she is!她是多么漂亮啊！
How well he plays the piano!他钢琴弹得多么好啊！
9.wait for“等候”，其后可接人或物。He is waiting for you.他在等你。
10.because与because of意为“因为，由于”because后面接句子；because of后面接单词或短语。
He lost his job because of his age.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衫，因为它太贵了。
11.enough既可以用作形容词副词,又可用作名词
(1)enough 用作形容词时,意思是“足够的”,通常用来修饰名词 可放在该名词之前,也可放在该名词之后 We have enough time/time enough to do our homework. 我们有充足的时间做家庭作业
（2）enough 用作副词时,意为“足够地”“充分地”“相当地”及“很”等意思,修饰形容词副词或动词时,应放在这些词之后 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了 I know him well enough. 我非常了解他
12.forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 Don't forget to close the door.不要忘记关上门．
forget doing sth忘记已经做过的事 I forget closing the door. 我忘记已经关上门了.
13.so…that…与such…that意均为“如此……以致于……”
（1）so…that用于以下句型：
so+形容词/副词+that…
This teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和谒，我们都喜欢他。
He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得很快，我们都追不上他。
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that…
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
（2）such…that…用于以下句型：
such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that…
This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that…
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。
14.come up“升起，发生”It gets hot after the sun come up.太阳升起来后，天就变热了。
15.Sometimes“有时”。同义短语为at times.
16.英语中的“一次”为once;“两次”为twice;“三次或三次以上”用“基数词+times”。
17.be free=have time“空闲的；有空的” I am free.=I have time.我有空。
18.more than=over“超过；多于”反义为less than”少于”。at least“至少”；反义为at most“最多”
19.not…at all“一点也不；根本不” I don’t know it at all.对那件事我一点也不知道。Not at all.“没关系，别客气”
20.the answers to…questions“……问题的答案/回答”answer后面一定要用介词to.类似的有the key to the door门上的钥匙
21.such as“例如；像……一样”，多用来列举同类人或事中的几个例子，such之前一般用逗号和其他部分隔开，后面直接加名词性短语。
There are many big cities in China,such as Beijing and Shanghai.中国有许多大城市，比如北京和上海。
22.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 go to the dentist去看牙医 by doing sth.通过做某事