1. cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短
The little boy cut down the young tree with an axe.
The doctor told me to cut down smoking and drinking.
与cut有关的短语
cut something from something 切下，割下
cut something away 切除，剪去
cut up 切碎
cut off切断，停止
e.g. They cut all the dead branches from the tree.
While we were cooking, the gas was suddenly cut off.
1. no longer 和no more
(1) no longer 侧重于“时间”，no more侧重于“数量，程度”等。
e.g. There is no more bread.
He is no longer young.
(2) no longer侧重于现在与过去的比较，no more指今后如何，把现在和将来进行对比。
e.g. I am sorry I can wait no longer.
I shall go there no longer.
(3) no longer可以和延续性动词连用，而no more只和非延续性动词连用，而且表示“不再”含义时，no more不用在句子中间。
2．die out 死绝；消失，消灭
That custom died out years ago.
那种风俗许多年前就消失了。
The lights died out suddenly.
灯突然熄灭了。
die of/from/by 因……而死
die of hunger/an illness 饿（病）死
die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息
She died of cancer/old age.
她死于癌症（终享天年）。
die from overwork/a wound操劳过度（受伤）而死
［辨析］die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等；die from则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。
die+名（形）死于……状态
die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉）
be dying for（口语）渴望……，很想……
He was dying for a drink. 他很渴望喝点酒。
3. adapt v. 使……适应，使……适合
adapt sth. to sth. 使…….适应…….
e.g. He couldn’t adapt his way of life to the company.
他的生活方式无法适应公司（的要求）。
adapt sth. for sth. 修改某事
I adapted the garage for use as a workshop.
我将车库改为工作室使用。
It is hard to adapt this story for children/the film.
要将小说改编为适合小孩子（电影）很困难。
adapt oneself to适应……
He is quick to adapt(himself)to new circumstances.
他很会适应新环境。
adapted adj.适合……的；改编成……的
This book is adapted to children.
这书是为适合儿童需要而改写的。
The play is adapted from a novel.
这是一部由小说改编成的戏剧。
4．first of all，at first，above all
(1)first of all首先，第一(常可单独使用)
e.g.First of all，we must check the number.
首先，我们要核对一下数目。
(2)at first(=at the beginning)起初，开始(与later“以后”相对)
e.g.At first I thought ill of him.
起初我对他的印象不好。
(3)above all首先，最重要的是(most important of all)
e.g.We must work hard，and above all we must believe that each of us is able to do something well.
我们应当努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我们每个人都能做好一些事情。
5. the other day，some day，one day，another day
(1)the other day“几天前”(a few days ago)指过去，只能用于过去时态。
e.g.The other day I met Mary in the street.
几天前，我在街上碰上玛丽了。
(2)some day“总有一天，某一天”指将来，通常只用于一般将来时或过去将来时，可与one day替换。
e.g.We are going to visit the museum some day/one day next week.
我们打算下周某一天去参观博物馆。
(3)one day“某一天，有一天”，可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天(指将来的某一天可与some day互换。)
e.g.One day you will be punished.
总有一天你会受到惩罚的。
One day I saw a beggar walking along the street.
有一天我看见一个乞丐沿着大街行走。
(4)another day “改天”，指将来的一天。
e.g.I will see you again another day.
我改天会再来看你的。
6. endanger vt. cause danger to sb. or sth.
put in danger危害，危及，使处于危险中
e.g. Smoking endangers your health.
The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.
The giant panda is an endangered species.
比较：(1) in danger“在危险中，处于危险之中”，常与be连用，强调主语处于某种危险之中。
e.g. The old man was knocked down by the motorbike.He was in danger.
那位老人被摩托车撞倒了，处于危险之中。
(2) in danger of“有……的危险”，后接动名词或动名词短语。
e.g. Some birds are in danger of dying away.
有些鸟有灭绝的危险。
The man was in danger of losing his life.
那个人有生命危险。
(3) out of danger“脱离危险”，常与be连用。
e.g. He is out of danger now.
他现在已脱离危险。
(4) dangerous adj. 危险的 （指对别人构成威胁的）
e.g. It is dangerous to swim in the river.
7. devote vt.奉献
devote sth. / oneself to 致力于，把……奉献给
e.g. He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一生都奉献给了科学事业。
I don’t think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter.
我认为花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
He devoted himself to the training of his students.
I don’t think we should devote any time to this question.
形容词devoted 意思有两种
(1) 忠实的，慈爱的，恩爱的
(2) 献身……的，专心于……的，专用于…….的，热心的
e.g. a devoted son, mother, father
The newly married couple next door to us are devoted to sports.
The magazine is devoted to science.
7. keep on doing 继续做某事
keep sb. / sth. doing 让某人/某物继续做某事
keep sb. from (doing ) sth.阻止某人做某事
=stop / prevent sb. (from) (doing ) sth.
keep from doing 避免做某事
e.g. I hope I am not keeping you from your work.
They don’t keep anything from each other.
She kept me waiting for half an hour.
The telephone kept ringing until I answered it.
You should try to keep from sitting up late at night.
8. waste n. 浪费，废物 v.浪费 adj. 没用的，废弃的
e.g. a waste of time (energy)
Don’t waste time talking with her.
Waste time (money ) on sth./ in (doing) sth.