g1Unit 18 New Zealand

发布时间:2016-2-7 编辑:互联网 手机版

知识要点归纳

1.单元词汇及短语

region, beyond, lien, northern, southern, eastern, western, southeastern, northeastern, the Himalayas, be made up of, be surrounded by, mild, subtropical, harbour, landscape, volcano, be used to do, make electricity, take possession of, be celebrated as

2.单元句型

(1)The East China Sea lies to the east.

(2)New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

(3)New Zealand has a very beautiful natural landscape with green hills.

(4)That day is still celebrated as a national holiday.

(5)New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people.

(6)The majority of the people speak English.

3.单元语法

Learn to use“it”as a subject.

核心知识

重点词汇及短语举例

(1)region n.

1)地区,地方,地带a forest ~ 森林地带

2)(学问等的)范围,领域 the ~ of psychology 心理学的领域

(2)beyond

1)prep.

●表示位置:在/向…的那边,远于

eg. He came from beyond the sea. 他从海外回来了。

●表示时间:迟于

beyond nine o’clock 过了9点

●表示范围,限度;超出

beyond compare 无与伦比

●常用于否定和疑问句:除…以外

eg. I can’t tell you anything beyond what you know already.

除了你已经知道的以外,我无可奉告了。

2)adv. 在/向远处,look beyond往远处看

(3)lie

vi, 位于,在…位置

lay, lain, lying

eg. China lies in the east of Asia,中国位于亚洲东部。(中国在亚洲范围之内。)

  India lies on the Southwest of China. 印度位于中国的西南。(印度在中国以外,紧挨着。)

Japan lies to east of China.日本在中国以东。(不接壤,隔…相望。)

  New Zealand is an island that lies to the eastern coast of Australia.

新西兰位于澳大利亚的东海岸。(远离…海岸线或岛屿。)

(4)mild adj.

1)(人、态度等)温和的,温柔的,温顺的

eg. He has a mild nature.他天性温和。

2)(气候等)温和的,温暖的

a mild climate 温和的气候

a mild winter 温暖的冬天

(5)harbour n.

1)港,海港

eg, Our boat stayed in the harbour during the typhoon.

在台风袭来期间我们的船停泊在港内。

2)避难所,躲藏处

a harbour for young runaways 离家出走青少年的躲藏处

(6)landscape

1)n.(陆地上的)风景,景观;展望

eg. He was watching the landscape from the train window. 他正从火车窗口向外眺望风景。

2)vt.(把一片土地)造园;绿化;美化

(7)volcano

n. 复~es火山

an active volcano活火山

a dormant (dead) volcano休(死)火山

(8)be used to do被用来做

be used to doing习惯于

used to do(过去)常常

eg.

Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。

I’m used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。

He used to play basketball before breakfast. (But now, he doesn’t)

他过去常常早饭前打篮球。(但现在,他却没有。)

(9)be surrounded by…

被包围,被围绕

eg.

The enemy were surrounded by the soldiers. 敌人被士兵们包围了。

The school is surrounded by (with) the wall. 学校的四周围绕着高墙。

(10)the same…as…

和…相同

eg.

My pen is the same as yours. 我的钢笔和你的一样。

She goes to the same university as her father did. 她和她父亲上的是同一所大学。

【注】the same…as…

指“同种类的事物”。

the same…that…

指“同一件事物”。

都可以引导定语从句

eg.

I have bought the same pen as you have.我买了一只和你的一样钢笔。

This is the same wallet that I lost a week ago.这个钱包跟我一星期前买的一样。

(11)take ( get, gain)possession of the same…as…

拿到,占有,占领

eg He has taken possession of the whole house.他占了整个房子。

(12)settle in

vi & vt(可分开用)

1)(某人)迁入(新居,新环境)

2)使(某人)迁入(新居,新环境)

eg. The Smiths have settled in the new building.史密斯一家迁入了新居。

(13)sign an agreement with

…与…签定合同(协议)

eg. I have signed an agreement with the company. 我已和公司签定了合同。

(14)be celebrated as ( for) …

以…而驰名,作为 …而

eg.

celebrated as a hot spring resort.以温泉胜地著称

celebrated for its hot springs.以其温泉著称的

(15)refer to…

指的是,论及,提及,参考,参阅

eg.

Are you referring to me? 你是指我说的吗?

His name was referred to in the meeting.他的名字与本次会议有关。

He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook. 他参考烹调书烧菜。

Please refer to the dictionary. 请参考(查)字典。

(16)in/with relation to

(文语)(prep)关于…,和…相关,就…而论

(17)compare…with…

把…与…比较

eg. I compared the translation with the original.

我把译文拿来和原文对照。

(18)stand for(不可用被动语态)表示,代表,代替,象征,为…的缩写。

(19)with+n.+adj(doing)

此结构在句中作定语或状语。

eg.

To talk with your mouth full.(状)

放开声音讲话。

New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North island.(状)

新西兰是一个重要的农业国,它的北方岛屿上放牧着牛群。

(20)the majority

大多数,大部分(与of连用)

(把全部当作一个整体时视为单数,当作许多个体时视为复数。)

eg. The majority of students were(was)in different to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。

(21)at an early age

=at an young age

少年时期

(22)be marked with

…留下记号

(23)of high quality质量高

(24)turn to…(vt.)

1)向某人求助turn to sb. for help(advice)

2)把注意力(行动)导向,转向

3)翻到(书页)

eg.Please turn to 20

请将书翻到第20页

(25)prepare for…

为…做好准备

prepare sth. for sth. 为做某事把某物准备好

prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某物有思想准备

eg.

Please prepare for class. 请准备上课。

You must prepare your pens and paper for having a dictation.你必须为默写准备好笔和纸。

The teacher prepared us for the test. 老师使我们对考试有思想准备。

词语辨析

1.It的用法小结

(1)it通常用来代替事物或指代我们不知道其性别的动物,有时也用来指代婴儿或较年幼的小孩。如:

Where is my map? I left it on the table. 我的地图哪里去了?我把它留在桌子上了。Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她刚生出的孩子特别小。只有两公斤重。

(2)在下列句子中it 可以用于指代人。如:

Ann(on phone):who is it? 安(在打电话):你是谁啊?

Bill: It’s me . 比尔:是我。

-Is that Tom over there? 是汤姆在那里吗?

-No, it’s peter. 不,是彼得。

(3)it用于表示时间、距离、天气、温度和潮水的说法中。如:

-What time is it? 现在几点了?

-It is six. 6点了。

-What’s the date? 今天是几月几号?

-It’s the third of March. 今天是3月3日。

-How far is it to York? 到约克有多远?

-It is 400 kilometers. 400公里。

-How long does it take to get there? 到那里需要多少时间?

-It depends on how you go. 这要看你怎么走。

It’s raining/snowing/freezing.下雨了/下雪了/要结冰了。

It’s frosty.有霜冻。

It is a fine night.今晚很晴朗。

It’s full moon tonight.今晚月圆。

In winter it’s/it is dark at six o’clock.今天6点钟天就黑了。

It is hot/cold/quiet/noisy in this room. 这个房间里特别热/冷/安静/吵闹。

It’s high tide/low tide.涨潮了/落潮了。

注意下列句子:

It’s/It is three years since I saw him.

相当于:I haven’t seen him for three years.我已经有三年没见到他了。

2.By和before

(1)by a time/date/period:“在那一时刻/日期或时期之前”。这种表示方法浓暗指不迟于那一时刻或日期。

By常常和完成时态连用,尤其与将来完成时态连用。

(2)before:“在……之前”。可作介词、连词或副词。如:

Before signing this…在签署这个之前……(介词)

Before you sign this…在你签署这个之前……(连词)

I’ve seen him somewhere before. 我以前在什么地方见到过他。

3.in, on 和to

in, on 和to 都可与表示“方位”的词(如east, west, south, north)连用。

(1)表示 A在B的范围内(即A是B的组成部分之一)时用in.如:

Our school is in the west of the town.我们学校在城西。(学校属城的一部分)

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。(上海属中国这个范围)

(2)强调A和B两地接壤时,用on. 如:

Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国东部接壤。

Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 广东位于湖南以南。

(3)A在B的范围之外,两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如:

Our school is to the west of the hospital. 我们学校在医院的西面。(学校和医院之间无所属关系)

Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东面。(日本与中国之间无所属关系)

4.有关“be made…”的词组

(1)be made of 意为“由……制成”,从制成上能看出原材料来。如:

The chair is made of bamboo.那把椅子是用竹子做的。(从外表能看出是竹子)

(2)be made from意为“由……制成”,从制成品上看不出原材料来,即原材料的本质已发生变化(多为化学变化)。如:

This paper is made from bamboo.这种纸暖和竹子做的。(从外表上看不出来是竹子)

(3)be made out of 意为“把……制成”,可代替上面的be madeof/from,在口语中常用。如:

the box is made out of iron.这盒子是铁做的。

(4)be made into 意为“把……制成”,强调动作的完成。主语是原材料,介词宾语是成品,而上面三个短语的主语是成品,介词宾语是原材料。如:

Waste products from factory can be made into road building material.工厂的废品可以制成筑路的材料。

(5)be made up of意为“由……组成(构成)”,强调由部分组成整体,可用于人或物。如:

Our class is made up of 56 students.我们班由56名同学组成。

A computer is made up of many different parts.电脑由很多不同的部件组成。

(6)be made in 意为“在(某地)制成”,后接地点名词。如:

This car is made in China.这种汽车是在中国制造的。

(7)be made by 意为“由……制造”,后接指人的名词,是动作的施动者。如:

This ship model is made by Lily.这个轮船模型是由莉莉做的。

5.same和similar

(1)same 用来表示事物毫无改变或完全相同。如:

I’ve still got the same car as I had before.我现在的汽车还原来的那辆。

These two banknotes look exactly the same, though one of them is counterfeit. 虽然这两张钞标中有一张是假的,但它们看起来完全一样。

(2)similar用来表示事物在多方面相同,但并非每一细节上都相同。如:

The birds are similar in appearance, but the male is more brightly colored.这种鸟在外表上都很相似,但雄鸟的色泽更为鲜艳。

6.go+现在分词

表示“从事……”之意,这时现在分词作主语补足语。Go 之后所接的现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营等。

I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。

I’ll go shopping.我去逛商店。

Would you like to go skating with me ? 你想和我去溜冰吗?

重点难点解析

it作形式主语的用法

1.It可以引导强调句:

It was Peter who lent us the money.是彼得借了钱给我们。(不是保罗)

It’s today that he’s going.他是今天走。(不是明天)

It’s pilots that we need, not ground staff.我们需要的是飞行员,不是地勤人员。

2.如不定式是句子主语,通常把it置于句首,用作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面:

It is easy to criticize.批评是容易的。

It is better to be early. 宁早勿晚。

It seems a pity to give up now.现在放弃好像很遗憾。

如果将it+be置于find/think(that)之后通常be和that可省略:

He thought(that)it (would be )better to say nothing.他认为不说话为妙。

We found it impossible to get visas.我们发现不可能拿到签证。

3.如句子的主语是从句,通常把it置于句首,用作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面:

以下的用法是可以的:

That he hasn’t phoned its odd.令人感到奇怪的是他没打电话。

That prices will go up is certain.价格肯定要上涨。

但是我们通常这样说:

It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned.

It’s certain that prices will go up.

4.其他用法:

It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。

It struck me that everyone was unusually silent. 大家都异乎寻常地沉默使我感到吃惊。

5.It/this可代替句中前面提到过的短语、从句或动词。如:

He smokes in bed, though I don’t like it.(it=his smoking in bed) 他躺在床上抽烟、尽管我不喜欢他这样。

He suggested flying, but I thougth it would cost too much.(it=flying)他建议坐收音机去,可我认为这样花费太大。

6.it 还可以充当非人称动词的主语。如:

It seem似乎,看起来好像

It appears似乎,看来

It looks 显得,好像

口语交际

问兴趣爱好

1.Are you shopping on-line? 你喜欢在线购物吗?

Yes. I find it very convenient.是的。我觉得在线购物很方便。

2.What are you interested in ? /What are your interests? 你有什么兴趣?

I’m fond of painting and playing the guitar.我喜欢绘画和弹吉他。

3.Do you often watch the NBA Games? 你经常看NBA球赛吗?

Yes ,I’m a big fan of the NBA Games.是的,我是个NBA的铁杆球迷。

4.What’s your hobby? 你的爱好是什么?

My hobby is chatting in English on the Internet.我的爱好是用英语在网上聊天。

5.Do you have any hobbies? 你有什么爱好吗?

I like swimming and bird-watching.我喜欢海湾和赏鸟。

6.What do you do in your spare time? 你在业余时间里做些什么?

Nothing special. I usually watch TV.没什么特别的。我通常看电视。

7.Do you have any interests? 你有什么兴趣吗?

I have just one-photography. It’s expensive but it’s a lot of fun. 我只有一个爱好-摄影。花费很多,但很有趣。

8.What’s your favourite sports? 你最喜欢的运动是什么?

Playing basketball.打篮球。

9.Which do you prefer, music or sports? 音乐和体育,你更喜欢哪一个?

I like music better.我更喜欢音乐。

10.Stamp - collecting is a hobby for many people. What about you?集邮是很多人的爱好。你的爱好呢?

For me , cycling is both a sport and a hobby. 对我来说,骑车既是一项运动又是一项业余爱好。

11.Which is more interesting to you, surfing the Internet or computer games? 网上冲浪与电脑游戏相比哪一个你更有兴趣?

12.I’m fond of reading novels, how about you? 我喜欢看小说。你呢?

I like writing novel.我喜欢写小说。