2005年高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之八

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Unit8 情态动词和助动词

一、考点聚焦

1、 情态动词的基本用法

(1)can、be able to 和could

①can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:

Can you use chopsticks?

The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the

end.

②can和could

can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:

Could you help me carry the bag?

Can I help you?

(2)may/might

①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Why isn’t he in class?

He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)

-

He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:

He says we may leave.

He said we might leave.

③may / might 表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。

Yes, you can / may.

-May / Might I use your bike? -

No, you mustn’t

(3)must

①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如:

You must do everything as I do.

②must表示肯定的推测。如:

The light is still on, so he must be at home.

③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如:

You mustn’t smoke in the office.

(4)have to

have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如:

You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.

I have to be at my office every evening.

(5)should / ought to

①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:

You should / ought to work hard.

②should / ought to work hard.

Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.

③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:

Children shouldn’t smoke.

④should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如:

You ought to respect your parents.

He suggested that they should leave at once.

(6)will / would

①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t + 动词。如:

I will tell you all about it.

Tom won’t do such a thing.

②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:

Will you please tell her the news when you see her?

③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:

Fish will die out of water.

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:

Would you please be quiet?

Would you like coffee?

⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如:

When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.

(7)need

need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:

I need to think it over.

-Need you go now? -Yes, I must./No, I needn’t

(8)dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如:

How dare you say that?

She doesn’t date(to)ask her father.

(9)used to

used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如:

He used to smoke.

(10)shall

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如:

We shall do as our teacher says.

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

②在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如:

Where shall he wait for us?

Shall we go out for a walk?

2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合:

情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使 用 场 合

must must + 动词原形 must have done 肯定句

may / might may / might + 动词原形 May / might have done 肯定句、否定句

can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑问名(could可用于肯定句)

should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句

例如:

It must have rained last night.

She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.

She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.

They should be there right now.

3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩,用法如下:

(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如:

You should have told me about it earlier.

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.

(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如:

You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

(3)needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如:

You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.

(4)could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如:

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET 2001)

A.mustn’t have B.shouldn’t have left

C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t have

解析:答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”,因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。

2.-Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

-I’m not sure. I__________ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)

A.must B.would C.should D.might

解析:答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’m not sure”,表明我可能去Jeff’s party,也可能去音乐会,故用might。

3. -Will you stay for lunch?

-Sorry, ____________. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99)

A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t

解析:答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表示一种请求和意愿,是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定回答是:Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to 等;否定回答通常是:I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I’d like to, but …等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。

三、专项训练

1. -Jack certainly has a low opinion of Janny.

-It_______than hers of him.

A.can’t be any worse   B.can be any worse

C.can be some worse    D.can’t be more worse

2. She_______be at home because she phoned me from her office just now.

A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t

3. The big fire last night_______the whole building.But the heavy rain helped.

A.might be burning down   B.should have been burned down

C.could have burned down  D.must have been burned down

4. I want to go to the dentist,but you_______with me.

A.need not to go B.don’t need go C.need not go D.need go not

5. -Must we take a bus?

-No,you_______,You can walk from here.

A.must not B.don’t have to C.don’t must D.don’t need

6. You_______return the book now.You can keep it till next week if you like.

A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.needn’t

7. -Could I borrow your dictionary?

-Yes,of course you_______.

A.might B.will C.can D.should

8. -May I stay here for another day?

-No,you_______.

A.mustn’t B.might not C.needn’t D.won’t

9. -You ought to have helped her yesterday.

-Yes,I know I_______.

A.ought to      B.ought to have

C.ought have done   D.ought to have called

10. -_______he open the door?

-Yes,please.

A.Shall B.Will C.Can D.Would

11. Whatever difficulties we_______with,we’ll go on with the experiment.

A.meet B.met C.shall meet D.may meet

12. In the end they_______save the cat on the roof.

A.could B.were able to C.must D.need

13. Mr.Tom is in poor health.He_______be ill at any time.

A.may B.should C.can D.will

14. -Could I see you on Sunday?

-Yes,of course you_______.

A.can B.might C.will D.should

15. I thought you_______like something to read,so I have brought you some books.

A.may B.must C.could D.might

16. -Do you have to go out?

-Sorry,but I really_______.

A.have to B.must C.may D.can

17. “Manager,some people want to see you,_______they wait in the hall or outside?”asked the secretary.

A.will B.must C.shall D.may

18. There was plenty of time,she_______.

A.needn’t have hurried  B.mustn’t have hurried

C.have hurried      D.couldn’t have hurried

19. You_______walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.

A.must B.need C.should D.may

20. You_______do what you like to the whole afternoon.

A.could B.can C.are able to D.can be able

21. Look,what you have done! You_______more careful.

A.may be B.had to C.should be D.would be

22. Whoever breaks the law_______.

A.can be punished   B.is to punish

C.is to be punished  D.are punished

23. Don’t throw the box away.It_______in the future.

A.shall be needed B.is needed C.might need D.might be needed

24. All that_______must be done.

A.should be done B.is done C.was done D.has been done

25. There_______an English evening next Saturday.

A.will have B.is going to be C.is to have D.is going to do

26. The news_______about everywhere now.

A.is talking     B.has been talked

C.is being talked  D.is being talking

27. We shall stay in the village for one or two days,and then we_______that mountain.

A.go to climb    B.go on climbing

C.will have climbed D.are going to climb

28. Suddenly he thought that a bicycle_______be very useful.

A.would B.will C.is to D.should

29. Johnny,you_______play with the knife,you_______hurt yourself.

A.won’t;can’t    B.mustn’t;may

C.shouldn’t;must   D.can’t;shouldn’t

30. Your phone number again? I_______quite catch it.

A.couldn’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.can’t

31. Come early tomorrow,_______?

A.don’t you B.do you C.shall you D.will you

32. Let’s go to see our teacher who is in hospital,_______?

A.shall we B.will you C.don’t we D.do you

33. Everyone_______do his best to study well in order to sense the people well in future.

A.can B.should C.may D.might

34. -May I stop here?

-No,you_______.

A.might not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t

35. -Dare he go to the cinema in the evening?

-_______.

A.I dare too B.No,I don’t C.Yes,I do D.No,I daren’t

36. Don’t be worried.The news_______be true.

A.may not B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shan’t

37. I will return your notes as soon as I_______copying them.

A.will finish B.do finish C.finish D.be finished

38. You_______do it even if you want to.

A.can’t B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t

39. When_______possible to get some more information?

A.has it B.had it C.would be it D.would it be

40. He_______the test,but he wasn’t careful enough.

A.could have passed   B.was able to pass

C.might be able to pass D.must have passed

参考答案

1-10 ACCCB DCABA 11-20 DBCAD BCADB

21-30 CCDAB CDABC 31-40 DABCD ACBDA