SBIIB
Unit 11 Scientific achievements
Words and expressions
solar adj. 太阳的；利用太阳能的
solar energy 太阳能
giant adj. very big 巨大的
There are two giant pandas in the zoo. 在动物园里有两只大熊猫。
n. a man of very great size and strength 巨人；巨物
The whale is the giant of the sea. 鲸是海洋中的庞然大物。
leap v. jump; jump over 跳；跳跃 (leaped, leapt; leaped, leapt)
Can you leap the wall? 你能跳过墙吗？
n. the act of leaping; a jump or spring 跳跃
A frog gave a leap. 青蛙跳了一步。
mankind n. the human race 人类
It will bring peace to all mankind. 它会给全人类带来和平。
constitution n.[c] the fundamental principles of a nation that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people 宪法
The constitution was adopted. 宪法被通过。
eureka int. 我发现了!
man vt. get enough people for a job给…提供人员；配备人手；操纵
We need twelve people to man the ship. 我们需要十二人以配足此船的人手。
hi-tech Z X n. =high technology 高科技；高技术
support v. keep something or someone up; hold the weight of something支持；支撑
That small chair isn't strong enough to support that heavy man.
那把小椅子经不住那个大胖子。
v. give food, clothes, and a home to someone 供养；养活
He has a wife and fifteen children to support. 他要养活妻子和十五个孩子。
n.[u] supporting someone or something; thing that gives support支持
We cheered to show support for our team. 我们欢呼以表示对我们队的支持。
n.[u] 供养 means of maintenance
He's the only support that his poor old mother has. 他那可怜的老母亲只靠他一个人瞻养。
daily adj. happening every day 每日的；日常的
There is a daily train service. 每日均通车。
adv. every day 每日；每天
I clean my teeth twice daily. 我每天刷两次牙。
n. newspaper published every day or every week day每日或每周日出版的报纸，日报
Have you read today's China Daily? 你读过今天的《中国日报》吗？
achieve vt. do or finish something well after trying hard 实现；获得
In order to achieve the four modernizations we must carry on our technical revolution.
为了实现四个现代化，我们必须进行技术革命。
likely adj. probably, expected to happen 很可能的；有希望发生的
It's likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. 很可能明天我要去上海。
economic adj. connected with the producing and distributing of wealth经济的
Beijing is the political, economic and cultural centre of China.
北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
zone n. an area of ground (especially in a town) 地区（特别指在城镇）；地带
A war zone is a district where fighting is going on. 战区就是进行战争的地方。
private adj. concerning one or a few people only -- not people in general; not public私人的；个人的
Your letters are your private property. 你的信件是你的私有物。
institute n. group of people who often meet for a special reason, to talk or do something together学会；学院；研究所
There is an exhibition held by the Institute of Modern Art. 现代艺术协会正举办一个展览。
grasp vt. to take with or as with the hand(s); understand 抓住
Grasp my hand and I will pull you over the wall. 抓住我的手，我就把你拉过墙来。
vt. understand 掌握领会；理解
When you listen, you must try to grasp the main point. 你听的时候一定要努力抓住要点。
master n. chief man head of the family主人
The Chinese people have become masters of their country.
中国人民已经成为自己国家的主人。
vt. learn how to do something掌握；精通
We don't think it too difficult to master a foreign language. 我们认为学好一种外语不太难。
perfect adj. completely correct and good; with nothing wrong 完美的；极好的
She speaks perfect English. 她说得一口极好的英语。
arrange vt. make a plan 安排；筹划
Can you arrange a visit to the exhibition? 你能安排一次参观展览会吗？
vt. put things in a nice, neat way 整理；布置
set foot (in) 到达；进入；踏上
have an effect on 对……产生作用；对……有效果
Lenovo [liXnRuvRu] n. 联想公司
Founder n. 方正公司
rely vi. depend on; trust upon依赖；信赖；指望
We rely on our own hands. 我们靠自己的双手。
rely on vt.
failure n. the fact of failing. something which fails失败
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
come to life 苏醒过来；(变得)活跃
silicon: n. 硅
valley n. low land, usually with a river, between hills or mountains山谷；峡谷；凹地
the valley of the Nile 尼罗河峡谷
base n. place to start from and go back to 基地；根据地
That pilot travels all over the world but London is his base.
那位飞行员飞遍全世界，但伦敦是他的基地。
n. the lowest part of anything 基础；底部
The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上。
agency n. 机构；代理(处)
organ n. a part of a plant or animal which serves some special purpose 器官
The eyes, stomach, heart, and lungs are organs of the body.
眼睛、胃、心脏和肺都是身体的器官。
forward adv. to the front向前；朝前方
History is moving forward(s). 历史在前进。
put forward propose (a demand, a fact, a plan, a suggestion, etc.) 提出；建议
Who put forward this new theory? 这个新理论是谁提出的？
rejuvenate vt. 使<人>返老还童；使…恢复活力
He was rejuvenated by his trip. 旅行使他恢复了活力。
breakthrough n. 重大突破；突围
This is a major breakthrough in computer technology. 这是电脑技术上的一大突破。
impressive adj. deeply impressing the mind and feelings给人深刻印象的
He has a very impressive manner. 他的态度予人以深刻的印象。
march vi. walk like a soldier 行军；前进
The soldiers marched over the bridge. 士兵在桥上行进。
n.[c] long walk长途跋涉；行军
The Red Army covered 25,000 li on their Long March. 红军在长征中行军二万五千里。
aim v. point a gun, etc. at something or someone 瞄准
Peter aimed the gun at the bird, but did not fire. 彼得用枪瞄准鸟，但没有开枪。
aim (sth) at direct against 瞄/对准；针对
In saying this I am not aiming at you. 我说这话可不是针对你的。
announce vt. to make known publicly 宣布/告；发表
The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 这消息由北京（英语）广播电台发表了。
genome n. 基因组；染色体组
evolution n.[u] the way in which the development of living things from a few simple forms of life, or from a single form, has taken place 进化；发展
The teacher is explaining the theory of evolution to the students.
老师正在给学生们解释进化论。
byte n. 字节；比特
humanoid adj. 有人的特点的
element n.[c] any of the more than 100 simplest materials that make up all substances（化学）元素
Gold, iron and tin are elements. 金，铁和锡是化学元素。
n.[c] a necessary part要素；成分
Cells are the elements of living bodies. 细胞是有机体的组成部分。
battle n. a big fight between armies 战役；战斗
No one was killed in that battle. 那次战斗中无一人阵亡。
n. trying very hard to do something that is not easy斗争；奋斗
The doctors had a battle to save Jon's life. 为抢救乔恩的生命，医生们进行了艰苦的工作。
strategy n. 战略；策略
Unit 12 Fact and fantasy
Words and expressions
fiction n. 小说；虚构
Fact [Truth] is stranger than fiction. (谚) 事实奇于小说。
belief n. sure feeling that something is true 信念；信仰；相信
She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。
league n. a unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers)
里格 [长度单位，相当于3.0法定英里（4.8公里）]
n. group of persons or nations together for common goal联盟；社团
Are they League members? 他们是团员吗？
balloon n. bag that becomes bigger when filled with air or with gas and can float in the sky 气球
bulb n. 球状物；球茎；灯泡
make a living 谋生
botany n.[u] 植物学
apply v. use; put into practice应用；运用
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
v. ask for 申请；请求
He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。
applied adj.应用的；实用的
applied science 应用科学
foundation n. the act of starting the building of something 基础
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础。
n. the action of founding, establishing； placing on a basis建立
the foundation of a new school 创办一所新学校
servant n. someone who works in another person's house, cooking, cleaning, etc.
仆人；公务员；雇员
We should always be the servants of the people. 我们应该永远做人民的勤务员。
whale n.[c] a large fish like animal which lives in the sea 鲸
The whale is the largest animal in the world. 鲸是世界上最大的动物。
hunter n. someone who chases wild animals for food or sport猎人；搜索者
set out begin a journey; start 启程；出发；开始
We set out for the Western Hills at 10:30. 我们十点半出发去西山。
collision n. 碰撞[with, against]
His car had a collision with a truck. 他的车子与货车相撞。
n. (利害、意见、目的等的)不一致；冲突
come into collision (with...) (与…) 冲突/抵触/对立
companion n. someone who is with another person同伴；同伙
She seemed to be the companion of the young man. 她似乎是那青年的伴侣。
overboard adv. over the side of a ship or boat into the water向船外；从船上落（或抛）到水时
Don't throw that box overboard. 别把那只箱子抛入水中。
submarine n. ship that can travel under the sea 潜水艇
Some submarines carry many men and stay underwater for several weeks.
有些潜水艇能装很多人，并在水下呆好几个星期。
permanent adj. 永久的；固定的
permanent residence 永久住处
guest n. a visitor, someone whom you have invited客人；旅客
They are expecting a guest to dinner. 他们在等一位客人来吃饭。
voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行；航空
He made a voyage to Japan. 他航行至日本。
iron n.[u] strong hard metal 铁
Strike while the iron is hot. （谚）趁热打铁。
aboard prep. On, in, or into a ship(aeroplane,train, etc.)在船（飞机、火车）上；上船（飞机、火车）
They went aboard the ship. 他们上了船。
adv.
It's time to go aboard. 上船（飞机等）的时间到了。
lamp n.[c] thing that gives light灯
He worked for a whole night with the lamp lighted. 他点着灯，整整工作了一夜。
dislike vt. not to like, to hate 不喜欢；讨厌
I dislike being alone. 我不喜欢独居。
n.[c] a feeling of not liking 不喜欢；讨厌
I took a dislike to him. 我讨厌他。
prisoner n. a man who is locked in a prison 囚犯；俘虏
gentle adj. kind and friendly 温和的；温柔的
Mothers are gentle with their babies. 母亲对婴儿总是温柔体贴的。
adj. that moves softly; that feels soft轻柔的；柔和的
The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves. 微风穿过树叶吹了过来。
Iceland n. 冰岛
layer n. a thickness of some material which is laid on or spread over a surface层；地层
I have three layers of blankets on my bed in winter. 我冬天在床上铺三层毯子
marble n.[u] hard stone for statues and special buildings大理石(制品)
The temple had a marble floor. 教堂有大理石地板。
shore n. ground next to the sea or a big lake 岸；滨
The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在离岸不远的地方。
luggage (总称)行李 =(美)baggage
three pieces of luggage 三件行李
in public where other people are, openly 当众；公开地
She is too shy to sing in public. 她很腼腆，不敢在众人面前唱歌。
throw light upon/on 阐明，使……明白/清楚
The fact throws light on the problem. 事实说明了这个问题。
brilliant adj. very clever 非常聪明的；才华横溢的
She is a brilliant student. 她是一个有才华的学生。
adj. very bright 光辉的；辉煌的；耀眼的
She is wearing a brilliant jewels. 她戴着耀眼的珠宝。
phenomenon n.[c] 现象；奇迹 (pl. phenomena )
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. 彩虹是自然现象。
labour n.[u] hard work that you do with your hands 劳动；努力
It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour. 我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。
hesitate v. to stop and consider before an action犹豫；踌躇
If you hesitate too much, you'll lose the game.
如果你太犹豫，你就会输掉这一局（游戏、球类等）。
creation n.[u] making something 创造；建立
The creation of new playground will benefit the local children.
新游乐场的建立将给当地的孩子带来益处。
horror n.[u] great fear or dislike恐惧；恐怖
She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲开那条蛇。
horrible adj. making one very afraid, very sad, of shocked 可怕的；恐怖的
Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。
grave n. the place where a dead person is put in the ground 墓穴；坟墓
Is there life beyond the grave? 人还有来生吗？
cut up cut small; cut into pieces 切碎；切成小块
The cook is cutting up the meat. 厨子正在切肉。
butcher n. a man who sells meat卖肉者；屠夫
He is a butcher by trade. 他的职业是屠夫。
curtain n. piece of cloth that hangs in front of a window or a door 窗帘；门帘
Will you draw the curtain? 请你拉上窗帘好吗？
n. a large piece of heavy cloth which separates the stage of a theatre from the audience（舞台上）幕
The curtain dropped on the last scene. 幕在最后一场拉了下来。
lip n. one of the two soft front edges of the mouth 嘴唇；唇状物
She had a cigarette between her lips. 她嘴里叼着一支香烟。
brainstorm n. a sudden clever plan or idea 突然的灵感；突然想到的妙计/好办法 =brainwave(英)
vt. engage in or organize shared problem solving 献计献策
think of or produce (a solution to a problem, for example) by this method. 想出办法
Unit 13 The water planet
Words and expressions
cube n.[c] solid shape with six square sides 块；立方形
He bought a jin of cube sugar yesterday. 他昨天买了一斤方糖。
sailor n. someone who helps to control a boat or ship船员；水手；水兵
The sailors landed on Dalian. 海员在大连上岸。
mariner n.[c] <书>船员；水手 (=sailor)
benefit vt. help someone or something; make someone better, happier, etc.获益；对…有利；使……受益
The fresh air will benefit you. 新鲜空气对你有益。
benefit from be helped by something 受益于
You will benefit from experience. 你一定会从经验中获得益处。
n.[u] anything which is for the good of a person or thing; an advantage; profit 利益；裨益
He gave us the benefit of his advice. 他的劝告对我们很有好处。
transport v. carry people or goods from one place to another运送；运输
They transported the bricks in a lorry. 他们用卡车运砖。
n.[u] carrying people or things from one place to another 运送；运输
We hired a van for transport. 我们雇了一辆货车运东西。
property n. the special and peculiar character of a thing 特性；性质
One property of steel is its hardness. 坚固是钢的特性之一。
n. a thing owned, possessions所有物；财产
Those books are my property. 那些书是我的东西。
range vi. vary within specified limits(在一定范围内)变动；变化
ages that ranged from two to five 两岁至五岁年龄段
n. 范围
beyond the range of human understanding 超越人类理解的范围
plankton n. 浮游生物
all the way 一直；一路上
molecule n. the smallest possible portion of a substance that can exist in the free state分子
A molecule is a thousand times bigger than an atom of hydrogen.
一个分子比一个氢原子大一千倍。
unique adj. 唯一的
This is a unique example of this word before 1800.
这是此一单字在 1800 年前被用过的唯一例子。
adj. 独特的；特有的
Every individual is unique. 每一个人都有他的特色。
hydrogen n. a gas without color, taste, or smell, that combines with oxygen to form water, symbol H 氢
Water, you know, is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. 你知道，水是由氢和氧构成的。
atom n. the smallest piece of a simple substance 原子
According to the theory of atoms all elements consist of atoms.
根据原子理论，所有的元素都是由原子所组成的。
oxygen n.[u] gas in the air that we must breathe to go on living氧；氧气
Oxygen is necessary for all forms of life. 氧气是一切生命所不可缺少的。
relative adj. considered with other things; comparative相对的；比较而言的
All things are relative. 一切事物都是相对的。
solid n.[c] a solid thing 固体
Most solids are heavier than liquids. 大多数的固体比液体重。
adj. hard; not liquid or gas 固体的；坚硬的
Ice is solid water. 冰是固态的水。
freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的
freezing weather 严寒的天气
n 冰点
below freezing 在冰点以下
salinity n. 含盐量；盐度
dissolve vt. reduce to liquid form by putting into a liquid; cause to melt溶解；使溶化
Sugar dissolves in water. 糖在水里会溶解。
pure adj. totally clean; not mixed with any other thing纯净的
This water is pure-you can drink it. 这水是洁净的-你可以喝。
gramme n. 克(重量单位=gram)
density n. 密度；浓度
population density 人口密度
relationship n. 关系；联系；亲属关系
The United States has good relationships with most countries in the world.
美国与世界上大多数国家关系良好。
mass n. (物体的) 质量
the law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律
n.[c] crowd; many things or people together块；团；堆
There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 天空布满团团乌云。
n.[c] a large quantity or number together大量
There was/were a mass of children in the yard. 在庭院里有很多孩子。
I've masses of work to do. 我有大量工作要去做。
volume n.[u] amount of space that something fills; amount of space in something
容积；容量；体积
Matter has volume. 物质有体积。
cubic adj. 立方的；立方形的
cubic content 容积；体积
kilogram n. (略作 kg.) a measure of weight（重量单位）公斤；千克
There are 1000 grams in a kilogram. 一公斤等于一千克。
float vt & i. to stay on the surface of a liquid (使)漂浮
They floated timber down the stream. 他们把木材顺水漂下去。
Cork floats on water. 软木漂浮在水上。
n. anything that floats on a liquid漂流物；浮物
float bridge 浮桥
take advantage of use someone or something to help oneself 利用
Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French.
彼得利用访问巴黎之机提高法语。
decrease vi. become smaller, fewer, etc. 减少；减小
They tried to decrease the costs. 他们设法降低成本。
capacity n.[u] number of things or people that can fit into a place容量；容纳
The seating capacity of this hall is 300. 这个大厅能坐三百人。
n.[u] being able to understand or do something能力；才能
Gavin has the capacity to add numbers quickly in his head. 盖文能很快地做心算加法。
substance n. sort of thing; material物质；东西
Stone is a hard substance. 石头是硬的东西。
n. the chief ideas of a speech or book主旨；大意
The substance of what he said is that we have too little money.
他讲话的大意是我们的钱太少了。
centigrade adj. 摄氏的
Water boils at 100°Centigrade. 水在100摄氏度时煮沸。
absorb vt. to take or suck in, eg water, heat, light, etc. 吸收（水、热、光等）
The heat is absorbed by the water. 热量被水吸收了。
vt. take (learning; knowledge) into the mind 吸收（学问、知识）
He absorbed the point of view of his teacher. 他接受了老师的观点。
vt. to take up all the attention of吸引注意力
His task absorbs him. 他的工作占了他全副精神。
give off emit, send out 发出；放出
The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体散发出一种不好闻的味道。
thus adv. for that/ this reason 因此；所以
Thus we see that plants need light. 因此，我们知道了植物需要阳光。
stable adj. firm; not likely to move 稳定的；安定的
He needs a stable job. 他需要固定的工作。
sensitive adj. feeling things quickly and deeply; that one can be easily hurt敏感的；容易生气的
Don't shout at her----she's very sensitive. 别对着她大声喊，她很敏感。
steady adj. not moving; firm 稳固的；平稳的
Hold the ladder steady while I stand on it. 我站在梯子上时，请你把它扶住。
motion n.[u] moving移动；运动
Their study group is in motion. 他们的学习小组正在活动。
dense adj. with many things or people close together 密集的；稠密的
There was a dense crowd at the match. 比赛场上有密集的人群。
trust n.[u] faith; believing that someone or something is good, strong, right, honest, etc. 信赖；信任
I put no trust in his words. 我不相信他的话。
call in ask to come or go in叫…进来；叫…进去
I waited for only two minutes before I was called in. 我只等了两分钟就被叫进去了。
invite: summon 邀请召来；召集
He called all the workers in for a conference. 他召集全体工人开会。
Let's call in a doctor for the baby. 让我们请上医生来瞧瞧这孩子吧。
nursery n. a place where children are looked after 托儿所；保育室
The child goes to a nursery while his mother is at work. 当妈妈工作的时候，孩子上托儿所。
estuary n.[c] 河口
the Thames estuary 泰晤士河河口
tide n. the rise and fall of the sea caused by the moon 潮
The tide is coming in. 潮在上升。
n. a time or season 时；季
Time and tide wait for no man. (prov.) Tide passes quickly,so do not delay taking action.
（谚）岁月不饶人
mammal n. any of the class of animals which feed their young with milk from the breast哺乳动物
Whale is not a fish; it is a mammal. 鲸不是鱼类，它是一种哺乳动物。
reproduce vi. <动植物>生殖；繁殖
Most plants reproduce by seed. 大多数植物靠种子繁殖。
pollutant n. 污染物；污染源
erosion n.[u] 【地质】腐蚀；侵蚀
wind erosion 风蚀作用
recreation n. 娱乐；消遣
play golf for recreation 打高尔夫球娱乐
a variety of 种种；各种
gallon n. a measure of liquid 加仑（液体单位）
One gallon is eight pints, or 4.5 litres. 一加仑等于八品脱或四升半。
define vt. 给 <字词、概念等> 下定义；解释
define a word 给单词下定义
vt. 限定 <界限、范围等>
Boundaries between countries should be clearly defined. 国与国之间的边界应该划分清楚。
Unit 14 Freedom fighters
Words and expressions
freedom n.[u] the state of being free 自由
In 1863 Lincoln gave freedom to all American slaves.
1863年林肯使美国所有的奴隶都获得了自由。
civil adj. belong to the people of a place 公民的；市民的；民用的
He is a civil servant. 他是公务员。
adj. within the same country 国内的
the American Civil War 美国南北战争
the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
murder vt. to kill a person against the law 谋杀；凶杀
Macbeth murdered the king with a knife. 麦克白斯用刀子杀死了国王。
n.[c] the act of murdering 谋杀，杀害
They investigated the murder. 他们调查了这件杀人事件。
youth n. [u]the time when you are young 青年；青年时期；少年时期
In my youth I played football. 我在年轻的时候踢足球。
n.[c] boy or young man 少年；青年；小伙子
As a youth he showed no promise of becoming a great pianist.
少年时，他未显示将来可成为一个伟大的钢琴家。
n. young men and women (总称)青年们；青年男女
The youth of today are very lively. 现在的青年充满生气。
prison n. place where they lock up criminals 监狱；牢房
The judge sent the thief to prison for a year. 法官判决监禁小偷一年。
put …in prison 把……投进监狱
The police put the criminal in prison. 警察把犯人关进了监狱。
Negro n. (pl. Negroes) a member of the black skinned races 黑人
American Negroes 美国黑人
revolution n. total change in the way of doing things 革命；彻底变革
The revolution brought happiness to the people. 革命给人民带来了幸福。
join hands join with another in a certain action etc.携手；联手；合伙
Let's join hands in the business. 让我们在业务上通力合作。
slavery n. the system of having slaves 奴隶制度
But in the South, slavery went on. 但在南方，奴隶制度仍在继续。
n. the state of being a slave 奴隶身份
They lived in slavery. 他们过奴隶生活。
runaway adj. 逃跑的；失控的
a runaway child 离家出走的小孩 a runaway horse 脱缰之马
n.[c] 逃跑者
the Civil War (美国)内战
moulder: vi. 腐朽；崩碎 vt. 使腐朽 =molder
soul n.[c] one's spirit; the part of one that does not die with one's body灵魂；心灵
His heart and soul were still in the classroom. 他的心仍然在课堂上。
chorus n. a group of singers who sing together 合唱(团)
n. a musical composition to be sung by all singers together 合唱曲
n. a group of singers and dancers 合唱歌舞队
hallelujah, halleluiah [ZhBliXlUjR] interj.（感叹词）哈利路亚(used to express praise or joy
表示赞美或欢乐)
arrest vt. make someone a prisoner by law; catch someone who has done a bad thing逮捕；捉住
The policeman arrested the thief. 警察逮捕了那个小偷。
n. seizing 逮捕
The police made an arrest last night. 昨晚警察逮捕了一个人。
separation n. breaking or coming apart 分开；分离；隔离
His separation from his friends made him very sad. 他和朋友分别使他十分难受。
race n. group of people of the same sort with the same colour of skin. etc.人种；种族；民族
There are many races of people in the world. 世界上有许多种族。
marriage n. an act of marrying婚姻；结婚
Marriage is a serious business. 婚姻是件大事。
forbid v. not to allow, to say that someone must not do something禁止；不许
(forbade, forbad; forbidden, forbid)
Smoking is forbidden. Put out your cigarette. 禁止吸烟，把烟灭掉。
vote n. expression of opinion or will by persons for or against sb. or sth. esp. by ballot or by putting up hands 投票；选举
The person who receives the most votes is elected. 得票最多的人当选。
v. make a choice or decision at a meeting or election投票选举；表决
Lots of them had no right to vote. 那时许多人没有选举权。
political adj. of government 政治（上）的
A political party is a group of people who have the same ideas about the government of their country.
政党就是对如何治理他们的国家持有相同观点的一批人。
set an example to sb 为某人作出榜样
He has set us a good example. 他为我们树立了好榜样。
demand vt. to ask very strongly for something要求
The policeman demanded that the gate should be shut. 警察命令把大门关上。
He demanded to see the editors. 他要求见编辑。
vt. need something 需要
This work demands care and patience. 这工作需要细心和耐心。
vt. ask 问
n. the act of demanding, wanting something要求；需求
Our supply can fully meet the demand. 我们的供应可以充分满足要求。
Alabama n. (美国)阿拉巴马州
boycott vt./n. 抵制；联合抵制
lawyer n. someone whose job is to help people with the law or talk for them in court律师
He studies law in his spare time and became a lawyer. 他业余时间研究法律，成了律师。
demonstration n. group of people walking or standing together in public to show that they feel strongly about something 游行；示威
On Wednesday morning they had a mass demonstration
星期三上午他们举行了群众示威游行。
n. a clear proof 证明
The teacher gave us a demonstration that the earth is round.
老师给了我们地球是圆的一项证明。
racial adj.种族(间)的；由种族引起的
racial discrimination/segregation/prejudice 种族歧视/隔离/偏见
discrimination n.[u]歧视
racial [sexual] discrimination 种族[性别]歧视
n.[u] 区别; 识别
Vietnam n. 越南
act n. law that parliament has made法令；条例
The Company Act was passed. 公司条例被通过了。
bill n.[c] plan for a new law议案；法案
The bill has been carried. 议案已被通过。
From then on 从/自那以后
From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing. 自那以后，八喜逛了大半个北京城。
politics n. (sing in use) the management of political affairs, the science and art of government 政治；政治学
We study politics, Chinese, English, maths, geography and other lessons.
我们学习政治、语文、英语、数学、地理和其他课程。
n. political principles or opinions政见
What are your politics? 你的政见是什么？
religion n. a belief in or worship of God or gods宗教；宗教信仰
He doesn't believe in religion. 他不信教。
start with begin with; have as a beginning or at the beginning; take the form of at the beginning以…开始；从…着手
A thousand li journey starts with the first step. 千里之行，始于足下。
in the first place; first and fore most; at the beginning, initially首先；第一
To start with, we have the correct leadership of the Party. 首先，我们有党的正确领导。
independence n. the state of being independent独立；自主
When did India get her independence from Britain? 印度什么时候脱离英国获得独立的？
unconditional adj. 无条件的；绝对的
unconditional surrender 无条件投降
abolish v. 废除；取消
prejudice n. 偏见；歧视；成见
have a prejudice against [in favor of]... 对…有偏见 [偏爱]
regardless adv. In spite of everything; anyway无论如何；不管；不顾
I must make the decision regardless. 不管怎样我得做决定。
regardless of 不管…的；不顾…的
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。
chapter n. part of a book（书的）章；回；篇
A chapter is a main division of a book. 章是一本书的一个大的划分单位。
ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的；可笑的
It is ridiculous for you to fool about that way. 你那样地混日子实在荒唐。
at first sight 乍一看；初见之下
viewpoint n.[c] 观点；看法
I look at this problem from a different viewpoint. 我从不同的观点来看这个问题。
Unit 15 Destinations
Words and expressions
complaint n. the act of complaining 抱怨；投诉
He didn't like the meal so he made a complaint to the manager of the restaurant.
他不喜欢这顿饭，所以他向餐馆经理抱怨了一通。
Iraq n. 伊拉克(西亚国家)
Greenland n. 格陵兰(岛)
upset adj. worried心烦的；苦恼的；担心的
Mother will be upset if we don't let her know where we are.
我们要是不让妈妈知道我们在那里，她会放心不下的。
airline e n. business with aeroplanes that carry people or goods航线；航空公司
When I fly to New York I always use the same airline.
我飞往纽约时经常乘同一个公司的飞机。
fly n. an insect with two wings苍蝇
Flies buzz. 苍蝇嗡嗡叫。
look into study something carefully调查；研究；观察
He has promised to look into the matter. 他已经答应对这个问题进行调查。
every now and then 不时地
itch n. an uneasy longing or desire for anything 渴望
He has an itch for writing a book. 他渴望着著书立说。
vi. have a feeling on the skin that makes you want to scratch 发痒
She itched all over. 她浑身发痒。
wanderlust n.[u] 流浪癖；旅行癖；旅行热
have wanderlust 有流浪癖
stretch vt. hold out; put out; extend伸展；伸张；展开
He stretched out his arm and took down a book. 他伸出胳膊，取下一本书。
vi. have elastic properties; extend; lie spread out伸展；延伸；延续；连绵
The fields stretched as far as the eye could see. 田野一望无际。
lifestyle X n. 生活方式
downtown adj. 商业地区的；闹区的；市中心的
downtown New York 纽约的商业区
n.[c] 商业区；闹区
princess n. daughter of a king or queen; wife of a prince公主；王妃
get/be tired of become sick of 对…厌烦；对…失去兴趣
I'm tired of hearing it. 这我都听烦了。
cool off become or make cool 变凉；凉却
He had a shower to cool himself off. 他洗了个淋浴，凉快一下。
become or make less excited or interested冷静下来；使兴趣减低
Mary has cooled off about him. 玛丽对他已经冷淡下来了。
avenue n.[c]大街；林荫大道
an avenue of poplars 白杨树的林荫大道
Carnival n. festival; time when many people come together in streets for dancing, singing, etc. 狂欢节；狂欢
Austria n. 奥地利(欧洲国家)
paradise n.[u] heaven 天堂
n.[u] place where you are totally happy 乐园；极乐世界
a paradise for tourists 旅游者的乐园
skier n. person who skis 滑雪者
altitude n. 纬度；高度；海拔
guarantee vt. 保证；确保
This watch is guaranteed for five years. 这只手表保用五年。
This insurance guarantees you against/from loss in case of fire.
这项保险保证你在发生火灾时不受金钱上的损失。
I wouldn't guarantee its success. 我不敢保证它会成功。
resort n.[c] place that many people visit for holidays度假的地方；旅游胜地；常去之地
Da Lian is a seaside resort. 大连是海滨休假胜地。
downhill adv. to a lower place 向下；倾斜
A bicycle can go fast downhill. 自行车下坡时可以跑得很快。
adj. having or following a downward slope; descending下山的；下来的
It is all downhill work. 这都是顺坡而下的（或省力的）工作。
gather v. meet; come together in a group 聚集；集合
A lot of people gathered in the street. 很多人聚集在街上。
v. bring people or things together采集；收集
The children are gathering flowers in the wood. 孩子们在树林里采集花朵。
feast n.[c] a splendid meal prepared for some special occasion, a banquet盛宴；宴会
He made a speech at the wedding feast. 他在结婚宴会上演说。
n.[c] something that gives pleasure or joy 赏心乐事
The scene was a feast for the eyes. 令人赏心悦目的情景。
dip vt. put something into liquid. for a short time and then take it out again浸；蘸；泡
He dipped his pen into the ink. 他拿钢笔蘸墨水。
gym n. 体育馆；健身房
analyze vt. 分析
In the laboratory we are required to analyze specimens. 我们必须在实验室分析标本。
chat n.[c] friendly talk (usu. about unimportant thing) 闲谈；聊天
Let's have a chat. 咱们聊聊吧。
v. talk in a friendly way 闲谈；聊天
They chatted with each other. 他们在一起聊天。
budget n. 预算；预算案/额；经费，
rate n. the amount of one thing measured in relation to another 比率；率
What's the rate between dollars and pounds today? 今天美元和英镑间的兑换率是多少？
n. speed速度
The train was going at the rate of 95 kilometres an hour.火车正以每小时９５公里的速度前进。
n. a price价格
be sold at a high (low) rate 以高（低）价出售
vi. be classed in a certain rate or grade 被评价；被认为
My daughter rated very high in her class. 我的女儿在班里评价很高。
visa n.[c] 签证
an entry [exit] visa 入境 [出境] 签证
apply for a visa for the United States 申请到美国的签证
arrangement n. something arranged安排
Have you made arrangements to sell your house? 你卖房子的事做好安排了吗？
n. the act of arranging整理；布置
The arrangement of a large library takes a long time. 布置一家大图书馆非常费时间。
n. plans; preparations 计划；准备
I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已准备好了到英格兰去旅行。
passport n. important little book with your name, photograph, etc. that shows which country you come from 护照
carry a passport 持有护照
cheque n. special piece of paper that you write on, telling a bank to pay money to someone for you 支票 （=[美]check)
I haven't enough cash--will you take a cheque? 我的现金不够，开张支票给你行吗？
photocopy n. 复印(件) vt. 复印
current n. 货币；通货
Rio de Janeiro n. 里约热内卢(巴西港市)
cariocas s n. 里约热内卢人
Alps n. 阿尔卑斯山脉(欧洲)
Copacabana [ZkRupRkRXbA:nR] n. 科帕卡巴纳(巴西著名海滩)
Kitzbuhel [Xkitsbjul] n. 基茨比厄尔(奥地利城市)
Unit 16 The United States of America
Words and expressions
Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛((美国纽约市 (New York City) 内之一岛))；
曼哈顿区((以该岛为中心之纽约市一行政区 (borough) , 为该市主要商业地区))
Atlanta n. 亚特兰大(美国城市)
Mississippi n. 密西西比河；密西西比州
Ellis [Xelis] Island n. 艾利斯岛
entry n. 进入；入场
The army made a triumphant entry into the city. 军队凯旋入城。
n. (字典等所收的)字；词条 (又作entry word)
This dictionary has sixty thousand entries. 这本字典有六万字。
mental adj. of the mind脑力的；思想上的；精神上的
mental labour 脑力劳动 mental illness 精神病
physical adj. of things that you can see, touch, etc. 物质的
Science is the study of physical things. 自然科学是研究物质的科学。
adj. of the body 身体的
Regular exercise keeps him in good physical condition. 经常锻炼使他身体强壮。
adj. belonging to the science of physics 物理学的
This change of state is a physical change and not a chemical one.
这种状态的变化是物理变化，而不是化学变化。
depression n.[u] time when business is depressed 萧条；不景气
Many men lost their jobs during the business depression. 在商业萧条时期很多人都失业了。 n.[u] being depressed; low spirits 沮丧
She is in a state of deep depression. 她处于深深的沮丧状态之中。
suffering n. pain; hardship; sorrow 痛苦；苦难
The doctor quickly relieved the girl's suffering. 医生很快地解除了那个女孩的痛苦。
greedy adj. wanting too much 贪婪的；馋
He is greedy of /for money. 他很贪钱。
greed n.[u] 贪心; 贪婪[for]
greed for money 贪财
trader n. someone whose job is buying and selling goods商人；商船
He went to Africa as a trader. 他去非洲当商人了。（他到非洲去经商）。
unemployment n. the state of having no work失业(状况)；失业人数
Unemployment is a serious problem in Europe. 在欧洲失业是一个严重的问题。
unrest n.[u] (尤指社会上的) 不安；动荡 (状态)
social unrest 社会的不安
n.[u] (内心的) 不安；担心
postwar adj. after the war 战后的
During the postwar years, honours were heaped upon Einstein.
在战后的年月里，爱因斯坦的荣誉接踵而来。
sacrifice n. give up 牺牲
Parents often make sacrifices for their children. 父母常为子女而牺牲自己。
vt. give up something important so that you can help someone 作出牺牲；献出
He sacrificed his life to save the child. 他为救小孩而献出自己的生命。
vt. kill an animal, etc. as a present to a god 牺牲；献祭
They sacrificed sheep to their gods. 他们以羊祭祀他们的神。
Georgia n. 佐治亚州
reconstruction n. 重建；改造
mayor n. head of a city or town 市长；镇长
He is the mayor of Beijing. 他是北京市市长。
former adj. of an earlier time; that came before 以前的
He is my former classmate. 他是我从前的同班同学。
pron the first mentioned of two 前者
Of the two books, I prefer the former. 这两本书中我喜欢前一本。 (opp.latter)
economical adj. using money, goods, etc. well and carefully节约的；经济的
He is economical of his time. 他节省时间。
segregation n. 隔离；(种族)隔离
injustice n. being unfair, not right 不公平；非正义
Don't do me an injustice. 不要对我不公平。
funeral n. burying or burning a dead person 丧葬；葬礼
The funeral will be held on Monday. 葬礼定于星期一举行。
vain adj. unsuccessful; useless 徒劳的；徒然的
All our efforts were vain. 我们的一切努力都归枉然。
in vain to no purpose; without success; uselessly徒劳；白辛苦
All his attempts were in vain. 他的一切尝试徒劳无效。
eventually adv. in the end; after some time最后；终于
Eventually he won the match. 他终于赢得了这场比赛。
dawn n. the start of day, when the sun rises 黎明；拂晓；开端
He works from dawn till dark. 他从早到晚工作。
take a chance try; venture upon; run 碰运气；冒险
Let's take a chance. There may still be some tickets left. 我们碰碰运气看，或许还有剩票。
financial adj. of or about money 金融的；财政的
London is one of the important financial centres of the world.
伦敦是世界最重要的金融中心之一。
overcome vt. beat someone because you are too strong for him 战胜；压倒
(overcame; overcome)
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak. 到天亮时，火势完全控制住了。
vt. find an answer to a difficult thing in your life 克服；解决
They had to overcome all the difficulties in their studies.
他们必须克服他们学习中的所有困难。
leave alone 不理会；不打扰
insist v. say something again and again, very strongly, although people do not believe you 坚持；坚决主张
They insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony. 他们坚持要他出席这次仪式。
insist on/upon 坚持(做)
She insisted on doing the experiment in the laboratory although she got the flu.
虽然得了流感，她仍坚持在实验室里作实验。
Guinness 吉尼斯世界纪录
as a result 结果；终于；因此
He studied hard last term and, as a result, he passed the examination.
上学期他学习很用功，结果考试及格了。
put out publish; issue 出版；公布
This magazine is put out every Friday. 这份杂志每星期五出版。
produce; generate 生产；产生
They put out some motors of high standards. 他们生产了几台高级发动机。
on sale 出售；减价；
bison n. 北美野牛(单复同形)
plain n. a piece of flat country 平原
Some people lived in the mountains, but most lived on the plains.
有些人住在山里，但大多数的人住在平原。
adj. easy to hear, see, or understand; clear 简单的；清楚的；易懂的
The essays are plain in language. 这些论文言简意赅。
onwards adv. to the front; forward 向前；朝前 = onward
he drove onwards. 他驱车向前。
resist vt. be against someone; try to stop someone who is attacking you反抗；抵抗；对抗
Chocolates make me fat but I can't resist them. 巧克力使我发胖，但是我克制不了，还是吃。
vi. offer resistance; refuse to obey or agree抵抗
The enemy resisted stoutly. 敌人顽强地抵抗。
chief n.[C] leader or ruler; head of a group of people首领；上司
a party chief 政党首领 an editor in chief 总编辑
adj. most important 主要的；首要的；最重要的
That's the chief thing to remember. 这是首先要记住的事。
afterwards adv. later; after a happening后来；随后 =afterward
I did not remember the correct answer until afterwards. 到后来我才想起正确答案。
We will eat first and go out afterwards. 我们先吃饭，然后再出去。
widespread adj. found in many places分布广的；普遍的
The English language is very widespread. 英语流行很广。
rot vi. decay; go bad; spoil 腐烂
Some of rubbish rot away over a long time. 有些垃圾时间久了就烂掉了。
vt. cause to rot 使腐烂
The continual rain will rot the rice. 连绵不断的雨会使稻谷腐烂。
wildlife n. 野生动植物
prairie n.大草原；牧场
in turn as a result of sth in a series of events 转而；反过来
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。
first one and then the other, then the first again, etc; alternately交替地；轮流地
Sam and I rode the bike in turn. 我和萨姆轮着骑自行车。
one after the other一个接一个；依次
The teacher helped all the children in turn. 老师一个接一个地辅导那些学生。
supply v. give or sell something that someone needs 供应；供给；提供
The electricity company supplies electricity to houses. 电力公司向各家供应电力。
We supplied them with money and clothes. 我们供应他们钱和衣服。
n.[c] the act of supplying or the amount of something supplied供应（量）；供给（量）
We have a great supply of meat. 我们有大量的肉类供应。
pl. something that is or can be supplied 供应品；生活用品
Our supplies for this month are in the cupboard. 我们这个月的生活用品在橱子里。
chain n. row of metal rings joined together 链；链条
They were brought to the police station in chains. 他们被戴上手铐，送往警察局。
a series of closely linked or connected things 一系列；一连串
a chain of coincidences 一连串的巧合
a group of shops owned by the same company 连锁商店
a supermarket chain 连锁超市
willing adj. ready; consenting愿意的，心甘情愿的
I am willing to help you. 我愿意帮助你。
Mongolian n. 蒙古(族)人；蒙古语
Jew n. a member of the Hebrew people or religion 犹太人
Einstein was a Jew. 爱因斯坦是位犹太人。
Unit 17 Disabilities
Words and expressions
disability n.[u] lack of ability; being disabled 无能；伤残；残疾
His disability prevents him from holding a job 他的无能使他不能胜任工作。
ability n.[u] power to do something; cleverness 能力；本领
I do not doubt your ability to do the work. 我不怀疑你有担任这项工作的能力。
n.[u] (pl. abilities) what one can do 才能；技能
He is a man of many abilities. 他是一个有多方面才能的人。
obstacle n.[c] sth.in the way that stops progress or makes it difficult障碍；妨碍物
We had to overcome all kinds of obstacles and difficulties. 我们不得不克服种种障碍和困难。
sidewalk n. a paved walkway along the side of a street（美）人行道(=[英]pavement)
a sidewalk fruit stand; 街旁的一水果摊
elevator n. lift（美）电梯；升降机
escalator n.[c] 自动梯；电动扶梯
take an escalator 乘自动梯
waist n. the middle of the body 腰；腰部
The water is up to my waist. 水深及我腰部。
get around/about go or travel from place to place; go about四处走动；活动
The old man doesn't get about much these days. 老人近来不怎么走动了。
fair n. special market 商品博览会；商品交易会
We saw new kinds of farm machines at the agricultural fair.
我们在农展会上看到各种新式的农业机器。
n. a market, esp. one held at a particular place at regular periods for selling farm produce 集市；定期市场
They are going to the fair. 他们正在到集市上去。
adj. honest, treating people in the right way公正的；公平的
Did you receive fair treatment? 你受到公正的待遇吗？
potential the inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming into being 潜力；潜能
war potential 战力
capable of being but not yet in existence; latent可能的；潜在的；有潜力的
Every seed is a potential plant. 每粒种子都可能长成植物。
guidance n.[u] 引导；指引
under a person's guidance 在某人的引导下
gifted adj. 有天赋/资的；有才华的
a gifted pianist 有天才的钢琴家 a gifted child 天才儿童；智能高的儿童
assist v. help someone 帮助；援助
He assists me with money. 他援助我以金钱。
cooperate vi. to work together 合作；协作
I can't do it alone. Let's cooperate. 我一个人做不了，咱们合作吧。
recognition n. the act of recognizing承认；公认；接受
Einstein gained international recognition in his theory of relativity.
爱因斯坦的相对论已得到国际的公认。
sympathy n. the sharing of another person's sorrow; the kind feeling that one person has for another 同情；同情心
We all had sympathy for him. 我们大家都同情他。
encouragement n. an act of encouraging鼓励；激励
He owed his success to his wife's encouragement 他把他的成功归功于他妻子的鼓励。
productive adj. producing abundantly; fertile 多产的
a very productive writer 多产作家
producing or capable of producing 能生产的；生产的
a productive effort 生产力
Huhhot [XhChCt] n. 呼和浩特
visual adj. of or relating to the sense of sight 视力的;视觉的
the visual arts 视觉艺术 the visual organs 视觉器官
motivate vt. to provide with an incentive; move to action 使有动机
Her suicide was motivated by desperation. 她自杀的诱因是自暴自弃。
vt. impel 激发；引起
What motivated you to do such a thing? 引起你做这样的事的动机是什么 ?
adjust to change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond调节；调整
adjust my watch 校准我的表
vt. to adapt or conform, as to new conditions (使)适应
You must adjust yourself to new conditions. 你必须使自己适应新的环境。
get used to 习惯于……
candy n.[u/c] (=(英) sweets)pieces of sugar in different shapes（美）糖果
There are two pieces of candy on the plate. 盘里有两颗糖。
niece n. daughter of your brother or sister 侄女；外甥女
ceremony n.[c] special programme at an important happening典礼；仪式
The school leaving ceremony is at 3:00. 毕业典礼于三点举行。
victory n. winning a game, fight, war, etc. 胜利；战胜
We are marching from victory to victory. 我们从胜利走向胜利。
dignity n.[u] calm and serious manner or style尊严；威严
If you're afraid of losing your dignity, you can't expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
如果你害怕失去尊严，你就不能期望学会说一种外语。
shameful adj. very bad可耻的；丢脸的
What a shameful conduct! 多么可耻的行为！
participate v. work or play with other people in a particular happening参加；参与
How many people participated in the opening ceremony? 多少人参加了开幕典礼？
participant n. one that participates, shares, or takes part in something. 参加者；参与者
an active participant in social work 积极参加社会活动的人
self-confidence Z n. 自信
Olympian n.[c] a contestant in the Olympic games. 奥林匹克运动会选手
adj. of or relating to the region of Olympia in Greece or its inhabitants 奥林匹亚的
facility (pl) something that facilitates an action or process设施；设备
There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen. 厨房里有烹饪设备。
conduct vt. lead or guide 引导；带领
When our parents came to visit our school, Mary conducted them into the classrooms.
我们的家长来参观学校时，玛丽把他们带到教室去。
vt. manage; direct; carry on 经营；管理；指挥
Who conducts this orchestra? 谁指挥这个乐队？
n.[u] 行为；操作
Many pupils in this class got prizes for good conduct.
这个班的许多学生因为操行好而得了奖。
survey n. 调查
According to a recent survey, in Shanghai alone there are more than 2.5 million migrant workers. 根据最近的一项调查,单上海就有250多万外来民工。
s vt. to make a survey 调查；勘察
We had the house surveyed before buying it. 在买那栋房子以前我们请人勘察过。
accessible easily approached or entered 易接近的；易进入的
An open minded person is accessible to reasons. 虚心的人易于服理。
Unit 18 Inventions
Words and expressions
edible adj. fit to be eaten (因无毒性等) 可以吃的；适于食用的
Are these berries edible, or are they poisonous? 这些草莓可以吃，还是有毒？
n. something fit to be eaten; food（名词）
可吃的东西；食物：
edibles such as vegetables and meat. 如蔬菜和肉类等食物
flavour n. 味道；风味
What flavor(s) of ice cream do you like? 你喜欢哪一种味道的冰淇淋?
laptop n. a microcomputer small enough to use on one's lap 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
vest n. piece of clothing that you wear next to the skin on the upper part of your body背心；汗衫；内衣
This is a blue vest. 这是一件蓝色的背心。
heel n. 脚后跟；鞋跟
inflatable adj. that you can inflate可充气的；可膨胀的
That is an inflatable rubber boat. 那是条可充气的橡皮船。
patent n.[c] 专利 (权) ；专利证书
apply [ask] for a ~ 申请专利
take out a patent for [on] an invention 取得一项发明的专利
officer n.[c] a person who works in a government公务员；(政府)官员
an administrative officer 行政官员
n.[c] an important person in an organization like the army or police 军官；警官
His father is a police officer. 他父亲是警官。
petrol n.[u] sort of oil that makes car engines go. (英)汽油 （=<美>gasoline）
You must put some petrol in the car to make it go. 你必须给汽车加油才能开动它。
creative having the ability or power to create有创造力的；创造(性)的
Human beings are creative animals. 人类是有创造力的动物
background n. things at the back in the picture背景
This is a photo of my house with the mountains in the background.
这是我家的照片，背景是群山。
n. the part which shows off the chief thing or person (一个人或物的)背景；经历
Tell me your background. 告诉我你的经历和情况。
rephrase to phrase again, especially to state in a new, clearer, or different way
重新描述；重新措辞；改变说法
allow for take into consideration考虑到
We must allow for the train being late. 我们应当考虑到火车可能晚点。
reject vt. say "no" to; not take something拒绝；排斥
She rejected my offer of help. 我主动提出给予帮助，她拒绝了。
vt. throw away; cast aside as useless丢弃；抛弃
He rejected the rotten eggs. 他扔掉了坏鸡蛋。
get stuck 遇到困难；陷进去
The bus was stuck in the mud. 公共汽车陷在泥里动不了了。
partial adj. of, relating to, being, or affecting only a part; not total; incomplete 部分的
The police have only a partial description of the suspect.
警察只对嫌疑犯进行了不完全的描述
favoring one person or side over another or others; biased or prejudiced偏袒的
a decision that was partial to the plaintiff. 一项偏袒原告的决定
break away from 摆脱；逃脱；脱离
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.
现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
possibility n. something which is possible 可能(性)；可能的事情
Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week? 本周你有可能到伦敦去吗？
perception n. the process, act, or faculty of perceiving; the effect or product of perceiving 感知；知觉
otherwise conj. if not, or 要不然；否则
You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.
你必须早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。adv. differently别样；不同地
I could not do otherwise. 我只能这样做。
adv. apart from that, if you forget that 除此以外；别的方面
The house is small, but otherwise it is comfortable. 房子小是小，但是很舒适。
visible adj. that you can see 看得见的
Stars are only visible when the sky is dark. 只有在天空不亮时才看得见星星。
connection n.[u] something which connects two or more things 联系
There's no connection between these two things. 这两件事没有任何联系。
previous adj. of an earlier time; that came before先前的；早先的
I had already visited Italy on a previous holiday. 在早先一次休假中，我们访问过意大利。
aware adj. having knowledge or cognizance 知道的；意识到的；觉察到的
How can you make a fool aware that he is a fool?
你怎么能够使一个傻瓜知道他是个傻瓜?
be aware of知道；注意到,觉察到
He was [became] aware of the danger. 他知道 [注意到] 危险。
trial n. test; using something to see if it works well检查；试验；试用
He gave the bicycle a trial before he bought it. 这辆自行车他买之前试骑过。
n. trial in court of law 审问；审判
He was on trial for theft. 他因偷盗而受审。
trial and error (u) 反复试验；不断摸索
learn by trial and error 在不断摸索中学习
Mozart n. 莫扎特(奥地利作曲家)
relativity n. the state or quality of being relative 相对性；相关性；相对论
Theory of Relativity 相对论
rider n.[c] (马、自行车、摩托车等的) 骑手；骑士
He's a good [poor] rider. 他骑术高明 [低劣] 。
desktop [XdesktCp] n. the top of a desk. 桌面；台式电脑
adj. designed for use on a desk or table 桌上用的
small enough to fit conveniently in an individual workspace 台式的
a desktop computer. 台式计算机
palmtop [XpA:mtCp] n 掌上电脑
dusty adj. covered with dust 满足尘土的
a dusty desk 满足灰尘的书桌
Mona Lisa n. [the ~] 蒙娜丽莎(达芬奇作品)
pilot n. someone who flies an aeroplane 飞行员
He is a jet pilot. 他是一位喷气飞机驾驶员。
Charles Chaplin [XtSA:lz XtSBplin] 查尔斯卓别林
Isaac Newton n. 艾萨可牛顿(英国科学家)
Abraham Lincoln [XeibrRhBm XliNkRn] 亚伯拉罕 林肯(美国第16 任总统)
Eve 夏娃
metaphor n. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison 隐喻; 暗喻; 象征
Thus, She's an angel and He's a lion in battle are metaphors.
因此她是天使, 他是雄狮都是比喻说法。
paste v. stick something on to another thing with paste 贴；粘
We pasted the paper on to the wall. 我们把那张纸贴在墙上。
n.[u] stuff that sticks things together 浆糊
We used paste to attach our designs to the poster.
我们用浆糊把我们设计的图案贴在招贴牌上。
storage n. keeping things in a safe place 储存；保管；贮藏
The best place for storage of money is a bank. 银行是存钱最好的地方。
glue n. a sticky substance used for joining things 胶；胶水
He stuck some bits of wood together with glue. 他用胶水把碎片粘在一起。
after all in spite of everything to the contrary; nevertheless毕竟；终究；虽然这样
We chose to take a plane after all. 我们仍然选择乘飞机
everything else having been considered; ultimately 终究；最终
So you see I was right after all! 你看,毕竟还是我对吧!
electronics n. the science and technology of electronic phenomena电子学
typewriter n. a writing machine that produces characters 打字机
ENIAC [`i: niBk] n. [c] =Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator[Computer]
电子数字积分计算机 (第一台通用计算机的名称, 1946年美国制造)
keep track of have information about what is happening or where sth/sb is了解……的动态；
保持联系
It is difficult to keep track of all the new ideas and developments in education.
要时刻掌握/了解教育方面所有的新思想和发展是困难的。
Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
Words and expressions
merchant n. person who buys and sells things商人
He is a coal merchant. 他是个煤商。
Venice 威尼斯市（意大利港市）
uneasy adj. worried, feeling that something is wrong担心的；不安的；不自在的
He feels uneasy about the result of the examination. 他担心自己的考试成绩。
crown n. a circle worn on the head by a king or queen王冠；皇冠
The crown was placed on the king's head. 王冠戴到了皇帝的头上。
deny vt. say that something is not true; say that one knows nothing about 否认
He denies being the thief. 他否认是贼。
He denied the signature, said that it was not his. 他否认这签字是他签的。
vt. say 'no' to a request; refuse to give (sth. asked for or needed) 拒绝(给予)
He denied the students a chance to speak. 他拒绝给学生机会发言。
pay back give back the money that someone has lent you 还钱；还债
I'll pay back the money you lent me next week. 下星期我把你借给我的钱还给你。
duke n. nobleman 公爵
The Duke of Edinburgh is the Queen's husband. 爱丁堡公爵是女王的丈夫。
master piece n. 杰作；佳作
mercy n.[u] kindness, not punishing someone when you have the right or power to punish him 怜悯；仁慈；宽恕
They showed little mercy on their enemies. 他们对敌人不留情。
have (=show) mercy on 对…表示同情/怜悯
revenge n. the act of taking vengeance for injuries or wrongs 报复；报仇
I broke Mary's pen by accident, and in revenge she tore up my school work.
我不留心弄坏了玛丽的钢笔，出于报复，她撕掉了我的作业。
to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) 复仇；报复
I'll revenge that insult. 我要报复那侮辱。
enemy n.[c] a person who hates or dislikes another person敌人；仇人
Frost is an enemy of plants. 霜是植物的大敌。
go about begin work; be occupied or busy with着手；忙于
They are going about the work in high spirits. 他们干得很欢。
as far as I know 就/据我所知
reasonable adj. willing to listen to what someone says; willing to think carefully about something讲道理的；理智的；有理性的
His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. 他的结论听起来确实有一定的道理。
adj. fair; right公道的；合理的
The price seems reasonable. 价钱看来是公道的。
weakness n. the condition or quality of being weak; a personal defect or failing
弱点；缺点
Everyone has his own little weaknesses. 每一个人都有小缺点。
judgement n. judging or being judged审判；判决
The judgment was aga