高中英语应试辅导篇：完形填空解题技巧
完形填空(cloze test)一直是英语各类考试的主要题型之一, 它着重考查考生的阅读理解、逻辑思维和英语基础知识综合运用的能力。它的题型特点是: 在一篇英语短文中挖取一定数量的文字内容而设置成选项,要求考生根据短文内容,从每一题后所提供的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个符合短文内容的最佳答案。一般情况下,在短文的首句和尾句不设选项,每两个空格之间通常平均保持5个单词左右或更多的单词以便保持行文的语言结构和逻辑的完整性。
完形填空短文的体裁通常以记叙文为多,说明文或议论文也可能被设置成完形填空。要解答好完形填空题,通常要通过以下几个步骤来解题:
一、通览全文
要出色地完成一篇完形填空,对于考生来说通览全文非常重要。通览全文,考生才能正确理解短文的主旨大意,了解短文主要的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等以及变化,了解短文行文的上下文之间的逻辑思维关系等,为下一步解题作好充分准备。
二、审题解题
仔细阅读题干内容及相关的选项,正确理解题干的意思,分析题干中的词语含义、词语用法、习惯搭配、句型特点、语法规则,然后从题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最适合题干的一个答案。
三、复读检查
完形填空全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己的选择答案重新阅读短文内容,检查一下应试前后两次的理解是否一致,检查一下自己的每一个答案是否符合短文的内容和逻辑思维,并修改所发现的错误.
对于完形填空中难度较大的题项,可以采用下面解题技巧和方法来解答:
1.根据上下文语境来选择答案
完形填空中较大一部分的考查项都要根据上下文语境来分析选项.一般来说,仅从语法结构往往A、B、C、D四个选项都正确,这时候考生就必须认真分析上下文甚至全文,通过对A、B、C、D四个选项的词义比较,选择一个最佳答案.
2.根据全文的逻辑推理判断选择答案
完形填空中有一些考查项需要根据全文的逻辑思维进行推理判断才能选出正确答案.考生要想解答好这样的题目,就必须把握短文的整体结构,了解短文主要的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等及其变化,了解短文行文的上下文之间的逻辑思维关系,从而作出合理的逻辑推理和正确判断.
3.通过文章的深层含义进行选择
这种考查项可以说是完形填空中难度最大的一种,它要求考生能够驾驭全文,不仅对文章的字面意义(表层意义)要正确理解,把握全局,还要领会其深层含义,了解隐含线索的变化,作出正确的选择.
4.根据常识选择答案
这类题型在完形填空中所占的比例很小,考生要做好这类题目需要有相关的生活常识和经验,了解一定的文化差异、地域风土人情、科普知识等.
考考你:通读下面短文,理解其大意,然后从短文后每题所提供的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案.
If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak. When you __1__ using them again, they __2__ become strong again. Everybody knows this and nobody would think of __3__ this fact. __4__ there are many people who do not __5__ to know that memory works in the __6__ way.
__7__ someone says that he has a good memory, he __8__ means that he __9__ his memory by practising exercising it. When someone __10__ says that his memory is poor, he actually means that he __11__ give it enough chances to become __12__. Have you ever __13__ that people who cannot read or write usually have __14__ memories than those who can? This is __15__ those who __16__ read or write __17__ remember things. They have to remember dates, places, names, songs and stories. So their memory is the whole time __18__ .So __19__ you want to have a good memory, you should learn from those people, __20__ by remembering what you see, hear, feel and write. If so, you must have a good memory.
1. A. begin B. go on C. stop D. continue
2. A. quickly B. slowly C. soon D. at once
3. A. doing B. agreeing C. questioning D. answering
4. A. Yet B. Still C. So D. Certainly
5. A. want B. seem C. get D. hope
6. A. other B. usual C. same D. opposite
7. A. As B. What C. While D. When
8. A. real B. actually C. true D. then
9. A. wants B. builds up C. makes D. keeps
10.A. again B. else C. more D. once
11.A.do not B. is not C. never D. does not
12.A.poor B. weak C. strong D. healthy
13.A.seen B. heard of C. noticed D. thought of
14.A.worse B. better C. more D. less
15.A.why B. how C. because D. the reason
16.A.used to B. cannot C. try to D. have to
17.A.will not B. have to C. refuse D. cannot
18.A.ready B. being used C. busy D. training
19.A.if B. that C. though D. thus
20.A.please B. try C. train D. enjoy
答案与解析:
1.A.根据句中有副词again进行推断,此处应该用begin(doing)表示"重新开始做某事".
2.B.身体、健康、记忆由弱到强的变化过程比较缓慢.
3.C.此处question是一个动词,表示"对某事物提出疑问/质疑".
4.A.表示转折语义.
5.B.seem to do/be"似乎,好像是".
6.C.in the same way"以同样的方式",说明人的记忆力与身体变化一样,都是由弱到强这样一个缓慢变化过程.
7.D.When引导时间状语从句.
8.B.actually=really"实际上,事实上".
9.D.
10.B.else常与不定代词someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; everyone, everybody, everything; no one, nobody, nothing以及疑问词what, who, whose, whom, which, where, when, how等连用.
11.D.
12.C.poor与strong构成对比.
13.C.表示"注意到,留意到".
14.B.句中better memories=stronger memories.
15.C.构成句式"This is because+从句",用来交代前面情况的原因.
16.B.根据上句中有"people who cannot read or write usually have better memories than..."可以推知.
17.B.
18.B.为现在进行时的被动语态形式.
19.A.引导条件状语从句.
20.C.说明好的记忆力需要经过训练.
[实践演练]
It was a normal summer night. humidity(潮湿) hung in the thick air. The only sound was my sister's heavy __1__ from the bed next to me.
I couldn't go to __2__, partly because of my cold and partly because of my __3__ for the next day. My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a __4__.
Sweat stuck to my aching body. Finally, I gathered enough __5__ to sit up. I looked out of my small window into the night. There was a big bright __6__ hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow.
My sister turned over as though she was as light as air. Why could she sleep soundly? Why wasn't she __7__ too? Did she know about tomorrow?
I couldn't stand the __8__ anymore, so I did what I always do to make myself feel better. I went to the __9__ and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste. Pouring the red paste onto the brush, I cleaned back and forth, up and down.
Then I walked downstairs to look for some __10__ of movement, some life. Gladiator, my cat, __11__ me as he meowed(猫叫)his sad song. He was on the old orange couch, __12__ on his front legs, waiting for something to happen. He looked at me as if to say, " I'm __13__ , pet me. I need a good hug." Even the couch begged me to sit on it.
In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch. This couch __14__ my birth, my parents' marriage, and hundreds of other little __15__.
As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily. My mind
was __16__ with questions: What's life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiator's body, I had a __17__ thought; each touch sang a different song.
I forgot all about the __18__ and the next day's surprise. The __19__ was so full of warmth and silence that I sank into its arms. Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms, I felt all my worries __20__ move away.
1.A. murmuring B. breathing C. crying D. thinking
2.A. sleep B. work C. study D. rest
3.A. worries B. plans C. arrangements D. expectations
4.A. surprise B. hope C. success D. failure
5.A. energy B. ideas C. strength D. stamps
6.A. cloud B. star C. sun D. moon
7.A. worrying B. sweating C. sleeping D. speaking
8.A. silence B. cold C. pressure D. pain
9.A. bedroom B. kitchen C. bathroom D. waiting-room
10.A. sights B. signs C. signals D. notices
11.A. interested B. pleased C. reminded D. frightened
12.A. standing up B. keeping up C. sitting down D. sitting up
13.A. lonely B. lovely C. friendly D. lively
14.A. proved B. represented C. helped D. attended
15.A. people B. animals C. events D. pets
16.A. flooded B. troubled C. satisfied D. knocked
17.A. strange B. difficult C. new D. noble
18.A. cold B. mind C. time D. heat
19.A. family B. atmosphere C. heart D. bed
20.A. completely B. slowly C. suddenly D. partly
Key: 1-5 BADAC 6-10 DBCCB 11-15 DDABC 16-20 ACDBB