1 mark v/n
v． 留下痕迹，做记号，标志，打分，弄污；使有斑点
He marked the floor with chalk. 他用粉笔在地板上作记号。
She marked her white dress when she sat on the grass.
当她坐在草地上时，把白衣服弄脏了。
The meeting marks a new period in relations between the two party. 这次会议标志着两党关系进入了一个新时期。
The teacher marked all the papers.老师把所有的试卷都评了分。
n. 痕迹，记号，符号，分数
I wonder who made these dirty marks on my new book.
我不知道是谁弄脏了我的新书。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.
老师给了我的故事以好的评分。
These red marks show the route.这些红色的符号表示行进路线。
2 dress v/n
v． 给……穿衣服，穿衣，装饰，布置
She is too young to dress herself. 她太小了，不会自己穿衣服。
He is dressing a Christmas tree. 他正在装饰圣诞树。
dress up 穿上盛装，乔装打扮
She likes to dress up for a party.
她喜欢打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。
be dressed in 穿着
The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿着一身白色的礼服。
n. 衣服；服装；外衣；礼服；连衣裙；女服
He was wearing a special dress for the ceremony.
他穿了身特别的衣服来参加典礼。
3 origin n. 起源, 由来, 开端, 出身
There are several sayings about the origins of life on earth.
关于地球上生命的起源有好几种说法。
original adj. 原始的，最初的，原先的，最早的
Who was the original owner of this house?
谁是这座房子最早的主人？
originate v. 引起, 发明, 发起, 创办
originate in sth originate from/with sb 起自某事物/某人
The optic theory originated with Einstein.
光学理论是爱因斯坦首创的。
The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families.
这次争吵是两家不合引起的。
4 crowd v/n
v. 拥挤；挤；挤满
Shoppers crowded into the store. 买东西的人拥入商店。
Shoppers crowded the street. 买东西的人挤满大街。
n. 群众；人群; 一群人；百姓;一堆
There were crowds of people at the theatre. 剧院里挤满了人。
He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤。
be crowed with 充满，挤满
The narrow streets are crowded with college students.
狭窄的街道挤满了大学生。
5 fun n.(U) 享乐，快乐，娱乐，乐趣
There's no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards.
整个晚上打扑克牌没有意思。
We have lots of fun at the fair today.
我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴。
make fun of sb. 同某人开玩笑，取笑某人
It’s bad manners to make fun of the disabled.
取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
for fun=in fun 开玩笑地，非认真地
I did it just for fun. 我做这件事只为好玩。
funny adj. 好玩的，好笑的，滑稽的，毫无根据的
That is the funniest thing that I have ever heard.
这是我听到的最滑稽的一件事。
6 extend v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大 给予, 提供
The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.
校长把我们的假期延长了四天。
He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God. 他向前伸出双臂,好象在向上帝祷告求助。
extend sth to sb=extend sb sth 提供或给予某物
They extended a warm welcome to the Queen.
他们向女王表示热烈欢迎。
extension n. 延长, 扩充, 范围, （电话）分机
extensive adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的
7 on end 直立，竖着，连续地，不断地
It has been snowing for a week on end. 雪已连续下了一周了。
He placed the box on end and sat on it.
他把箱子竖起来，坐在上面。
8 pretend vt. 假装, 装扮, (作为藉口或理由)伪称
pretend to do/be 假装做/是……
pretend to be doing 假装正在做……
pretend to have done 假装做完……
He pretended not to know the facts. 他假装不知实情。
He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. 老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。
He pretended to have finished his homework.
他假装完成了他的家庭作业。
He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
他假装病了以便能待在家里。
He pretended illness as an excuse. 他佯称有病以为借口。
9 in secret= =secretly 秘密地
The girl prepared a gift for her mother in secret.
小女孩偷偷地给妈妈准备了一件礼物。
相关短语：in peace 和平地，平安地 in silence 默不做声地
in surprise 惊奇地 in public 公开地，当众地
They finished their work in silence.
他们默不做声地完成了工作。
10 ban v/n
v. 明令禁止，取缔
Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。
ban sb from sth /doing sth 禁止某人做某事
He was banned from driving for six mouths because of driving drunk. 他因酒后驾车而被禁止驾驶6个月。
n. 禁令（和介词on搭配，表示对……禁止）
There is a ban on smoking. 有一个禁烟令。
11 up to 长达（某数量，程度等），直到，能胜任，正在干
He is not up to his job. 他不能胜任他的工作。
The room can hold up to 50 people. 这个房间能容纳50人。
Up to now, he has visited 30 universities.
至今为止，他已经访问过30所大学。
12 revive v. (使)苏醒, (使)复兴, (使)复活, (使)再生效, 回想
The fresh air soon revived him. 新鲜空气很快使他苏醒过来。
The local government is intended to revive the quaint customs.
当地政府意在恢复这一独特的风俗。
revival n. 进步，复苏，复兴，再流行
13 consist of 由……组成（不用于进行时态）
This club consists of more than 300 members.
这个俱乐部由300位以上会员组成。
14 consist in 存在于…… ；在于（不用于进行时态）
The beauty of the city consist in its fascinating beach.
这座城市的美在于它迷人的海滨。
语法━被动语态
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
1 被动语态的结构： be+及物动词的过去分词
（be本身无词义，但有时态、人称、数的变化）
2 常用句式:
肯定句式：主语+be+过去分词+by…
否定句式：主语+be+not+过去分词+by…
一般疑问式：be+主语+过去分词+by…
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词（不作主语）+be+主语+过去分词+by…
特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+过去分词+by…
3 使用被动语态时的注意事项
（1）及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。
Such book are written for children.(write为及物动词)
Children sleep soundly.(sleep为不及物动词)
注意：
① 有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态（多表示静态）常见的有：have, cost, lack, last, own, belong to, agree with, consist of等。
② 有些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意义。常见的有可和well, easily等副词联用的动词如：wash, write, read, clean, cook等，当它们用作不及物动词来描述朱育的特征时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布非常耐洗。
This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来不错。
（2）带有情态动词的一般被动语态是：情态动词+be+过去分词
The question needn’t be discussed. 这个问题不必讨论。
（3）带有不定式的一般被动语态是：to be +过去分词
A new hotel is going to be built near the station.
车站附近将要建一所新旅馆。
（4）短语动词变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词
He was often made fun of by his classmates.
4 it is said that+从句
一些表示“据说”或“相信”意义的动词，如：believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型
it is +be+过去分词+that 或 主语+be+过去分词+to do sth
it is said that…据说 it is reported that…据报道
it is believed that…人们相信 it is well known that…众所周知
例如：It is said that the boy has passed the final exam. =
The boy is said that to have passed the final exam.
单元自测题
1 With more forests being destroyed; huge quantities of good earth each year.
A is washing away B is being washed away
C are washing away D are being washed away
2 -Why did you leave that position?
-I a better position at IBM.
A offer B offered C am offered D was offered
3 -Have you moved into the new house?
-Not yet, the rooms .
A are being painted B are painting
C are painted D are being painting
4 In the spring sun, local residents Chengdu botanical Garden where the Spring-Greeting Flower Show is on.
A are to attract to B are to be attracted to
C are attracted to D are attracting to
5 Those books which often well.
A are well received; are sold B are well received; sell
C well receive; sell D were received; sell
6 No one likes .
A to make fun of B to have fun of
C to be made fun D to be made fun of
7 He has found to understand.
A they really hard B them really hard
C they real hard D they were really hard
8 They prepared for the meeting for a long time, and soon it .
A happened B occurred C took place D was taken place
9 In order to go to the palace ball, the pretty girl herself
.
A dresses; up B be dressed; in C dressed; up D dress; up
10 What it is to have a walk after a day of hard work.
A fun B a fun C funs D finny
11 I promise that the matter will .
A be taken care B be taken care of
C take care D take care of
12 You can see the house for years.
A isn’t painted B hasn’t painted
C hasn’t been painted D hadn’t painted
13 Grant changes in the city, and a lot of factories .
A have been taken place, have been set up
B have taken place, have set up
C have taken place, have been set up
D were taken place, were set up
14 -“Why does Lingling look so unhappy?”
-“She has by her classmates.”
A laughed B laughed at C been laughed D been laughed at
15 How sweet the music !
A is sounded B sound C was sounded D sounds
16 Twenty miles in a single night.
A cover B is covered C was covered D were covered
17 When a student has answered one question correctly, he or she a tougher one.
A immediately gives B give immediately
C is immediately given D are immediately given
18 The police found that the house and a lot of things .
A has broken into; has been stolen
B had broken into; had been stolen
C has been broken into; stolen
D had been broken into; stolen
19 My uncle, Sam, manager of the firm.
A has just been made B is just made C made D has made
20 Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A has been caused B has been caused
C will be caused D will have been caused
21 Only after my friend came .
A did the computer repair B he repaired the computer
C was the computer repaired D the computer repaired
22 According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
23 All the employees except the manager to work online at home.
A encourages B encourage C is encouraged D are encouraged
24 -The window is dirty.
-I know. It for weeks.
A hasn’t cleaned B didn’t clean
C wasn’t cleaned D hasn’t been cleaned
25 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the
Beijing Olympics by 2006.
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
26 More patients in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated
C had been treated D have been treated
27 The Anti-Japanese War in 1937 and it eight year.
A broke out; lasted B break out; lasts
C broke out; was last D was broken out; lasted
28 Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system,
photographically in March 1930.
A discovered B was discovered
C by discovery D when discovered
29 Upon your graduation from school, how well will you for
the job that lies ahead?
A prepare B prepared C be prepared D are prepared
30 Experiments in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A have been conducting B were conducting
C had been conducted D being conducted
31 Gregory told Mary that he what he was doing during the vacation.
A had just been asked B had just asked
C was just asked D just asked
32 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .
A was booked B had been booked
C were booked D have been booked
33 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.
A is to blame B is going to blame
C is to be blamed D should blame
34 While shopping, people sometimes can’t help into buying something they don’t really need.
A to persuaded B persuading
C being persuaded D be persuaded
35 If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at dinner.
A are not kept; will have to B are not kept; have
C do not keep; will have to D do not keep; have to
36 Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it easily.
A won’t wash out B won’t be washed out
C isn’t washed out D isn’t washing out
37 This page needed again.
A being checked B checked C to check D to be checked
38 many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises.
A Having taught B Having been taught C Taught D teaching
39 The rice if you had been more careful.
A would not be burning B would not burn
C would not have been burnt D would not burnt
40 The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.
A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing
C stop to throw D stop from throwing
句型转换
1 Did you have a good time in the countryside?
Did you in the countryside?
2 It’s 1,000 years since the tower was built.
The tower 1,000 years ago.
3 What are you doing now?
What are you now?
4 They put an end to the discussion soon afterwards.
The discussion soon afterwards.
5 They decided not to deal with the matter in public.
They decided to deal with the matter .
6 I have almost finished my task.
I have finished my task.
7 I prefer to swim rather than ride a bicycle.
I swimming riding a bicycle.
8 My new dress is almost the same as yours.
My new dress is yours.
9 We don’t think the book is of any importance.
We the book.
10 The machine is made up of more than 1,000 parts.
The machine more than 1,000 parts.
11 We had an excellent time at mike’s birthday party.
We very much at mike’s birthday party.
12 You shouldn’t force your husband to do everything for you.
Your husband shouldn’t
everything for you.
13 Fifty states make up the United States of America.
The United States of America fifty states.
14 More than 1,000 people came to celebrate our victory.
More than 1,000 people our victory .
15 You needn’t help us at present.
for you to help us at present.
16 The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.
The sounds and sights
but the excitement is the same everywhere.
17 Carnival comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”.
Carnival from two Latin words,
“no more meat”.
18 Many crimes went unpunished.
Many crimes .
19 Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.
Their use was limited by laws, the first of which
the fourteenth century.
20 But you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.
But you what the faces behind them look like.
21 When he slave trade was stopped in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
When he slave trade was in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
22 Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands were caused to exist.
Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands were .
23 Shops can make about 60 percent of their year’s income in the three months before Christmas.
Shops can about 60 percent of their year’s in the three months before Christmas.
24 The beautiful green trees, which were decorated with lights and colored glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
The beautiful green trees, lights and colored glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
25 It took us six months to get ready.
We six months ready.
26 Some people said they felt frightened by the large crowds and the noise.
Some people said they the large crowds and the noise.
27 We were worried that carnival would be banned.
We that carnival would be .
参考答案
单项选择
1-5 DDACB 6-10 DBCCA
11-15 BCCDD 16-20 CCDAA
21-25 CADDC 26-30 DABCC
31-35 ABACA 36-40 ADBCB
句型转换
1 enjoy yourself 2 date back to
3 up to 4 come to an end
5 in secret 6 more or less
7 prefer , to 8 similar to
9 think nothing of 10 consist of
11 enjoy ourselves 12 be forced to do
13 is made up of 14 attend, celebration
15 There is no need
16 are different in different countries
17 is, which means 18 were not punished
19 dates from 20 don’t know
21 abolished 22 created
23 earn, money
24 decorated with
25 spent, getting 26 were afraid of
27 worried, stopped