初三英语期末复习（三）--短 文 改 错
★ 中考导航
短文改错在中考试题中约占总分值的7%，是中考试题中较难的一种题型。它考查面广：从单词拼写、词语用法、语法知识到文章结构，面面俱到。因此，要求我们必须具备扎实的语言基本功和正确使用语言进行表达的能力。
★ 短文改错解题技巧
一、通读全文，迅速了解短文内容
做短文改错题，理解短文内容是关键，如果一篇短文通读完后，还不能了解其大意，在很大程度上将影响你的判断及你的改错正确率。
二、运用所学知识，仔细分析
(一) 逐词检查，看是否有单词拼写错误如有则该行不必继续分析了，因为每行最多只有一处错。单词拼写错误常见的有下面几种情况：
1. 字母排列次序不正确如receive误写作recieve；Canadian误写作Canadain等。
2. 丢掉字母，尤其是丢掉不发音的字母如将blackboard误写成blackbord；将foreign误写为forein；将island误写成iland；将climb误写成clim等。
3. 字母用错如将doctor误写作docter，将caught误写成cought等。
4. 同音词混用如将whether误写成weather等。
5. 词尾加法错误其中包括名词复数词尾-(e)s的加法、动词-ing形式的加法、动词过去式及过去分词的加法、形容词和副词比较级、最高级词尾-er，-est的加法、副词词尾-ly的加法等。如将tomatoes误写成tomatos；running误写成runing；happier误写成happyer。
(二) 按照词语搭配、词语用法及句子结构，判断是否存在用词错误、多词错误或漏词错误。
用词错误常见的有以下几种情况：
1. 名词复数变化错误如将children误写成childs；Germans误写成Germen；将feet误写成foots。
2. 代词混用的错误如人称代词主格和宾格的混用、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的混用、人称代词和物主代词的混用、不定代词之间的混用等。如将teach us English误用为teach our English；将His room is brighter than ours.误用成His room is brighter than our.等。
3. 形容词或副词级别的使用错误。这主要表现在形容词或副词原级、比较级和最高级之间的相互混用。如将more quickly误用作quicklier，将as tall as误用作as taller as等。
4. 数词使用错误包括基数词或序数词写法错误，该用基数词时用了序数词或该用序数词时用了基数词等错误。如将forty误写成fourty；twenty-first误写作twenty-oneth；the third lesson误写作the three lesson等。
5. 动词使用错误包括动词第三人称单数形式该用不用、时态错用、谓语动词的人称和数错用、非谓语动词错用等。如将Let me help you.一句误写作Let me to help you.；将Neither of them is a student.一句误写作Neither of them are a student.等。
6. 固定搭配错误常见的有：介词搭配错误、反意疑问句的附加问句中谓语或主语使用错误、近义词混用、冠词使用错误等。如borrow, lend和keep之间的混用；将by bike误用作by a bike；将There is a boy under the tree, isn’t there?；误用作There is a boy under the tree, isn’t it?；将I don’t agree with you.误用作I don’t agree to you.等。
7. 缺词错误常见的有以下几种情况：
(1) 丢掉不及物动词后的介词或副词。如丢掉look at the picture中的介词at。
(2) 系动词be漏掉如在句子That box is too heavy.中漏掉is。
(3) 主人复合句中引导从句的引导词残缺及主句或从句中缺少主语如丢掉We’ll go to see him as soon as we get there.一句中的we。
(4) 冠词遗漏即该用冠词的场合不用冠词。如在sun, moon, earth等这些表示世上独一无二的事物名词丢掉the。
8. 多词错误常见的有以下几种情况：
(1) 受汉语影响在搭配上多用词从而造成语义重复。例如：return后用back一词；hear from误用作hear a letter from等。
(2) 及物动词后多用了介词。如reach Beijing误写作reach to Beijing等。
(3) 冠词多用主要指不该用冠词时而用了冠词。如在表示球类运动的名词前用了冠词；在ill in bed中用了冠词等。
(4) 从属连词多用如句中用了because则不可再用so，用了but则不可再用though，反之亦然。
(三)结合全篇，判断是否在行文及逻辑上有错误。
三、复读全文，找语感
利用语感进行检查是必不可少的环节。复读时可将你所改正的内容换入文章中，再作检查，对在复读中感觉不恰当的部分再作更加细致的分析，及时纠正做题中的错误，从而提高解题的准确率。
★ 单元针对性训练
此题要求你对一段文章改错。先对每一行作出判断是对还是错。如果是对的，在答卷该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如果有错（每行不会多于一个错误），则按情况改错如下：
此行多一个词：在答卷该行上写出该词，并用斜线（）划掉；此行缺一个词：在答题卷该行右横线写出该写的词。此行错一个词：在答题卷该行右横线写出正确的词。注意：D的行没有错的不要改。
一
One summer evening, I was playing and some 1.
childrens by a river. We saw a lot of frogs(青蛙) 2.
in the water. One us said, “Let’s see who can 3.
catch most frogs.” 4.
Then we began. After while we caught a lot. 5.
We were having good time when a farmer 6.
Shouted at us. “Don’t caught frogs!” Then he told us 7.
how importance they are to farming. They eat a lot 8.
of bad insects(害虫) every year. Catching frogs 9.
must be stopped. After hear that, we felt very sorry. 10.
二
Long, long ago, there had a poor man. He 1.
had an old orange tree in his garden. One year the oranges in the tree were finer than any year else.
2.
One day he found one of them was much biggest than 3.
the others. It was as bigger as a basket. Nobody 4.
had ever seen so a big orange. The poor man 5.
took the orange to the king. The king was very please 6.
and gave the man a lot of money for it. When a 7.
rich man heard from this, he said to himself: 8.
“If I take my gold cup to the king, he will sure 9.
to give me more money.”
When the king got the gold cup, he gived the 10.
rich man the great orange.
三
Last Saturday, a group of students
visited to the Beijing Museum of Natural History. 1.
They were very interested in dinosaurs,
but they visited the Dinosaur World first. 2.
There they saw many big dinosaur eggs. These eggs were founded in the Gobi 3.
Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s. The eggs were lain long long 4.
ago by dinosaurs. Miss Li, their guide told them that dinosaurs lived on 5.
the earth for more than 150 million years, and then disappeared 65 million 6.
years ago. There was too a special dinosaur on display in the museum. 7.
This dinosaur was discovered in Liaoning Province, and it was covered 8.
with feathers. It looked a big bird. Many scientists believe that dinosaurs 9.
have not disappeared. They think dinosaurs have become birds. 10.
四
Which is best way to learn a language? 1.
We should remember if we all leant our own language 2.
Well when we are children. If we could learn a second 3.
language in the same way, we would not seem so 4.
difficult. Think of that a child does. It listens to what 5.
people say and it tries to imitate(模仿) what 6.
it had heard. When it wants something, it 7.
has to ask it. it is using the language. It is 8.
thinking and thinking with it all the time 9.
Because people have to use a language all the 10.
Time, they would learn it quickly.
五
The animals are use to the desert(沙漠) 1.
people in many way. They eat the meat, drink the milk 2.
of the animals. They use camels(骆驼) to carrying 3.
water, food, tents(帐篷) and another things. The 4.
people of the desert have to keep move from place to 5.
place. They must always watch for grass or desert 6.
plants for their animals. When there is not more food 7.
for their animals, they move to another place. The desert people is 8.
friend. They would never refuse(拒绝) to help people 9.
in trouble, but they would give them food and water. 10.
六
Zhou Gang is a worker at Yulin in Shanxi. He 1.
works on the Great Green Wall with many others people. 2.
We visited him at his workplace between the young 3.
tree and told him about his work. “Many thousands 4.
of trees must be plant every year,” he said. 5.
“The more, the better. This year along, we’ve already
planted ten thousand of trees. You 6.
see all that small trees over there on that hill? 7.
That was sand five years later. 8.
Now it’s a young forest! In a few years’ time, 9.
those mountains will be covered with trees, too!” He
pointed to the high mountains far. 10.
七
Jim Green, is our English teacher, has been 1.
in China for more than two year. He has been to many 2.
interesting places in Beijing, and he has not yet been 3.
to many other parts of China. Last week he 4.
goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan province with 5.
his family. Many people like travel by air, 6.
but Jim family think that traveling by train is 7.
the best. It is much cheap and far more enjoyable 8.
than a rushed trip by air. He had a wonderful 9.
train ride to Chengdu after they went on to
Mount Emei by bus. 10.
★ 参考答案
一、1. and→with 此处应用介词而不是并列连词。
2. childrens→children child的复数是children而不是childrens。
3. One→One of “我们当中的一个”应说One of us。
4. most→the most 形容词的最高级前应加the。
5. while→a while After a while过了一会，是习惯用法。
6. good→a good have a good time玩得很高兴，是固定短语。
7. caught→catch 助动词之后必须跟动词原形。
8. importance→important how后跟形容词，故将importance改为important。
9. √
10. hear→hearing 介词after之后应跟动名词。
二、1. had→lived/was 此处应是there be结构，与have无关，但为了表达的更形象，也可将be改为不及物动词live。
2. in the tree→on the tree 长在树上用介词on，落在、飞在树上用介词in。
3. biggest→bigger 有than应用比较级。
4. as bigger as→as big as as…as中间应用形容词、副词的原级。
5. so a big→so big a /such a big so和such同义，但a的位置不一样
6. please→pleased please及物动词，……使高兴；系动词之后应用形容词，故将please改为pleased。
7. √
8. heard from→heard of hear from收到……的来信；hear of听到……，听说……。
9. will sure→will be sure sure是形容词，will之后应跟动词原形。
10. gived→gave give的过去式是gave而不是gived。
三、1. to删掉 visit some place参观某地，不要加to。
2. but→so 从前文可以看出这里是因果关系而不是转折关系。
3. founded→found find(发现)的过去式是found而不是founded。
4. lain→laid lay(产卵,下蛋)的过去式是laid而不是lain，lain是lie(躺,卧)的过去分词。
5. √
6. √
7. too→also to通常放在句末。
8. √
9. looked后加like look like(看起来像…)
10. √
四、1. best前加the 形容词最高级前一般须加定冠词the。
2. if→how 根据句子的意思应用连词how表示方式。
3. are→were 应该用一般过去时。
4. we→it 代词it替代a second language。
5. that→what what引导名词性从句是纯连词，无意义，而what引导名词性从句时有其意义。
6. √
7. had→has 与全文时态一致。
8. 在ask后加for，ask意为“问”，ask for意为“要求得到”。
9. with→in 表示“用”某种语言时用介词in。
10. Because→If或When 根据句子意思，前后两句之间无因果关系。
五、1. use→useful 系动词are之后应用形容词useful。
2. way→ways 此处way是可数名词，其复数应加s。
3. to→for use…for…用……为了(或做)……
4. another→other another之后修饰单数名词，而此处其后是things，故应将其改为other。
5. move→moving keep之后必须跟动名词
6. watch→look look for寻找，watch for不成立。
7. not→no 此处应用no来否定名词more food，表示强调。
8. is→are 主语是people，动词应用复数形式。
9. friend→friendly 系动词are之后应用形容词friendly，意为“友好的”。
10. but→and 此处是并列关系而不是转折关系。
六、1. √
2. people或others→other others＝other people，故others之后应去掉people；other作形容词，修饰people。
3. between→among 两者之间用between，在两者以上的人或物中用among。
4. told→asked 根据上下文，应是“问他有关他的工作情况”而不是“告诉他有关他的工作情况”，故将told改为asked。
5. plant→planted 含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”。
6. thousand前有具体的数字时，其后不能用of。
7. that→those(the) trees前不能用that，应改为those或the。
8. later→ago 从后句看是五年前，而不是五年后。
9. √
10. 在far后加away far away远处的，遥远的。用作high mountains的后置定语。
七、1. Jim Green之后有逗号，说明our English teacher是它的同位语，而它们之间就不是主系表结构，故应去掉is。
2. year→years 两年是two years而不是two year。
3. and→but 此处是转折关系而不是并列关系。
4. √
5. goes→went last week说明应用过去时而不是一般现在时。
6. like→like to或travel→traveling 喜欢做某事，可以说like to do sth.或like doing sth.但不可说like do。
7. Jim→Jim’s 吉姆的家人，应用所有格形式。
8. cheap→cheaper 有than说明应用比较级。
9. He→They 吉姆的家人应用they代指而不能用he。
10. after→before 从they went on to Mount Emei by bus来看，去成都在前去峨眉山在后，故应将after改为before。