知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 protection *technique *irrigation pump seed technical *import production method root *insect tobacco golden tie discovery garden gardening gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower humour humourous bitter chalk couple minister *circus intend stage nationality certain *amuse laughter accent actually typical tradition rapid *appreciate exist phrase suffer operate direction brake cyclist fortunately bicycle silence rude *confuse *confused
词组 depend on and so on make fun of date back make use of drive off be on good terms with sb. look on ...as take notes of stand for go against year after year in the direction of in surprise to one’s joy
语法 It的用法（表示强调）
v.-ing形式作定语和宾补
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.condition
例句集锦
n.
（1）Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是人生成功的条件之一。
Her parents allowed her to go,but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她的父母准许她去，但是有一个条件，那就是她在午夜以前回家。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
You should on no condition visit that place.
你绝不能去那个地方。
（2）The condition of my health prevents me from working.
我的健康状况不允许我工作。
My car is old but in good condition.
我的车虽老，但状况良好。
He is not in a condition to make a long trip.
他的健康状况不佳，不适于长途旅行。
I can’t go climbing this summer;I’m out of condition.
今年夏天我不能去爬山，我的健康状况不佳。
v.
（1）He conditioned himself for the race.
他为赛跑而调整体能状态。
（2）I conditioned the dog to bark at strangers.
我训练这只狗对陌生人吠叫。
用法归纳
*condition可以用作动词和名词。主要义项有：条件；状况；状态；决定；调整状态。用作名词表示“条件”时可以构成以下短语：on condition that在……条件下；on this/that/no/what condition在这种（那种，没有的，什么）条件下。表示“状况”时可以构成的短语有：in good condition情况良好；in/out of condition健康状况良好（不佳）。
特别提示
注意比较相似词语：situation形势，局势；state状态（Matter has three states.）；surroundings环境
2.intend
例句集锦
v.
（1）What do you intend doing/to do today?
你今天打算做什么？
He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年到国外留学。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算让儿子经营公司。
He intends that the plan should be put into practice within a year.
=He intends the plan to be put into practice with in a year.
他们打算在本年内实行该计划。
The two sides had intended to make peace,but something unusual happened.
双方原打算讲和，但发生了一件不寻常的事。
（2）This book was intended for you,but he took it away.
这本书是要给你的，但让他拿走了。
This dictionary is intended for children.
这本词典是给小孩用的。
This was intended to be a picture of a cat.
这幅画原本是要画猫的。
用法归纳
*intend用作动词，主要有“意欲；打算” “原本是要……；原意要……（常用于被动语态）”等义项。主要用法有：intend to do； intend sb.to do； intend that...；be intended for/as;be intended to do。
特别提示
intend to do和mean to do有相同的用法。I’ve made a mistake,though I didn’t intend to/ mean to.我出错了，虽然我不愿意。
3.suffer
例句集锦
v.
（1）The injured man was still suffering.
那个受伤的男人还在受着折磨。
His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
他的健康因豪饮而严重受损。
His business suffered while he was ill.
在他患病期间他的生意不太好。
（2）The village is suffering from depopulation.
那个村庄正为人口减少而苦恼。
He is suffering from a bad cold.
他在患重感冒。
（3）The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
那个城市因地震而遭受严重破坏。
（4）I’ll suffer this insult no longer.
我不会再忍受这种侮辱了。
用法归纳
*suffer用作动词（vt.＆ vi.），主要义项有：受苦；患病；遭受；忍受等。表示“因……而遭罪，患……病”时，使用suffer from短语。
4.operate
例句集锦
v.
（1）Can you operate this computer?
你会操作这部电脑吗？
（2）This sewing machine doesn’t operate properly.
这台缝纫机无法正常工作。
（3）The sleeping pill operated at once.
那安眠药马上见效。
The new law doesn’t operate to our advantage.
新法律对我们没有益处。
（4）The company operates ten factories.
那家公司经营10个工厂。
The business operates in various countries.
那家企业在许多国家都设有机构。
（5）The surgeon decided to operate on her.
医生决定给她动手术。
用法归纳
*operate用作动词（vt.& vi.），主要义项有：运转；操作；起作用；经营；管理；动手术。名词operation手术，操作；operator 操作员，接线员。
特别提示
operate在表示“操作；管理；经营”时，为及物动词，同义词有：run,manage等；表示“手术”时为不及物动词，跟宾语时需使用介词on。
●重点短语
1.go against
例句集锦
But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
如果违背自然规律，不按农时耕作，就会事倍功半。
Don’t go against your father.
不要反对你的父亲。
The war is going against them.
战争对他们不利。
It goes against my interests.
这与我的利益相反。
相关归纳
（1）go ahead 进步；前进；可以
He is going ahead fast.他进步很快。
-May I start now? 我可以动身吗？
-Yes,go ahead.是的，动身吧。
（2）go away离开；走开
Did you go away or stay at home in the vacation?
假期你是在家还是外出了？
I’ve had enough of your nonsense.Go away!
我已经听够你的胡言乱语了，走开！
（3）go by走过；时间流逝
A car went by（us）at full speed.
一辆车以全速驶过（我们身旁）。
Several years went by before we met again.
我们过了好多年才再见面。
（4）go down 下降；落下；平静下来
He went down and brought a newspaper.
他下去买了一份报纸。
The sun is going down.
太阳正在落山。
The cost of living has gone down.
生活费用下降了。
The wind has gone down a little.
风势减弱了。
（5）go in for从事；参加
He goes in for sports every day.
他每天都从事体育锻炼。
（6）go off离去；进展；变坏；熄掉
She got angry and went off.
她生气而离开。
The meeting went off very well.
会议进展很顺利。
The milk has gone off.
牛奶变质了。
The lights went off at eight and came on again at ten.
电灯8点熄了，10点又亮了起来。
（7）go over 调查；复习
I went over the figure twice,but reached the same total.
我把数字检查了两次，两次的总数都一样。
She went over the lines time and again.
她反复练习那台词。
（8）go through经过；经历；调查
The Bill didn’t go through.
议案未被通过。
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.
那可怜的少女自从父母去世后经历了许多痛苦。
She went through the room but couldn’t find the missing ring.
她搜遍了整个房间还是找不到丢失的戒指。
特别提示
注意go还可以用作连系动词，构成短语：go bad“变质”;go hungry“挨饿”;go mad“发疯”。
2.make fun of
例句集锦
They made fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
他们取笑她因为她穿着如此怪异的衣服。
Please don’t make fun of me when I am not feeling well.
我心情不好时请不要跟我开玩笑。
相关归纳
（1）make use of利用=make the best of
To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
为了充分利用土地，在有条件的地方，每年种植两季以上的庄稼。
Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技艺高超的艺术家利用丰富多彩的口语，创造出连绵不绝的乐趣。
You should make use of this chance.
你应该好好利用这次机会。
（2）make sure of弄准确
Will you make sure of his return?
=Will you make sure that he returned?
请你查明他是否真的回来了，好吗？
3.look on...as
例句集锦
I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我决定把整个事件看成一个大笑话。
I look on her as a promising pianist.
我认为她是一个很有前途的钢琴家。
Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?
你认为他是这方面的权威吗？
相关归纳
（1）look on旁观
Two men were fighting while people looked on.
两个人在打架，但大家都袖手旁观。
（2）look forward to希望；盼望（to为介词）
They were looking forward to the summer vacation.
他们正盼望着暑假来临。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.我盼望见到你。
（3）look into往里看；调查
When I returned,he was looking into the room.
我回来时他正在往房间里看。
The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.
委员会正在调查这次事故的原因。
（4）look over瞭望；越过……看；检查
A strange man was looking over the wall.
一个陌生人正在向围墙里面瞭望。
The secretary looked over the letters quickly.
那秘书很快地把那些信检查了一遍。
（5）look through浏览；审查
I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.
我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。
I have to look through my notebooks for the exam.
为了考试我必须把笔记复习一遍。
特别提示
同义词组：think of...as...；regard...as...；treat...as...
4.stand for
例句集锦
“G”stands for“genetically”from the word“genes”.
G代表“基因”，源自“genes”一词。
GNP stands for gross national product.
GNP代表国民生产总值。
相关归纳
（1）stand alone孤立；卓越
She stands alone among her classmates.
她同班同学中没有人能跟她相比。
（2）stand by 站在一边；旁观；支持
Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.
请记住，无论如何，我都会拥护你。
（3）stand out突出；引人注目；杰出
The hat stood out because of its strange shape.
那顶帽子因造型奇特而引人注目。
They were all attractive,but she stood out from the others.
她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。
特别提示
此处的“代表”为“表示……意思”。如要表示“代表某人做某事”要使用on behalf of。
●必背句型
1.并列和伴随
教材原句
（1）并列谓语
He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
他收集信息加以研究，进行试验，学习农民的经验。
I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我骑到他前面，下了车，把车放在汽车前面，让他无法走开。
The way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
人的站姿、抱臂方式和手势也会告诉我们他或她的想法。
Visitors can also learn about coral and sharks at Dolphin University, look at the winged beauties in the Butterfly House, or admire the two giant pandas.
游客可以在海豚大学了解珊瑚和鲨鱼，在蝴蝶馆看这些带翅膀的美丽生物，还能观赏大熊猫（安安和佳佳）。
（2）并列状语
We can use a smile to apologize,to greet someone,to ask for help or to start a conversation.
我们可以利用微笑来道歉，打招呼，求助和搭话。
The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通过取笑别人的穿着方式、讲述有趣的故事，引我们发笑。
（3）并列主语
You can feel what it is like to live in space,walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at the North Pole.
你可以体验太空生活、洋底走路、与北极熊一起滑雪。
（4）伴随状语
A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
过了几分钟，大家都静下来，听着台词陷入沉思。
Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。
特别提示
并列成分表示几个动作接连发生，有先后顺序，并列成分的形式要一致；伴随状语则表示伴随动作和谓语动作同时发生。
补充例句
Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
突然一个驾着金黄色马车的高个子男人抓住那个女孩，把她带走，消失在树林中。（第一处为并列谓语，第二处为伴随状语）
She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就动身了并在一小时后到家。（并列谓语）
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。（伴随状语）
On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市场，买了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表妹。（并列谓语）
2.not...but...与not only...but also...
教材原句
（1）The roots of the vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
蔬菜的根系不是种在泥土里，而是悬浮在含有生长所需的各种营养物质的水里。
Many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
许多蔬菜不是种植在菜园里，而是生长在温室里。
（2）Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
粮食生产固然重要，环保也很重要。
特别提示
not...but...表示“不是……而是……”的意思；not only...but also...的意思为“不仅……而且……”，当not only 位于句首时，该句应该使用倒装语序。当not...but...和not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近一致的原则。
补充例句
（1）She drives not carefully but slowly.
她开车不够仔细，但开得很慢。
He doesn’t ski but skates.
他不会滑雪但会溜冰。
He went not to help his father but to borrow money from him.
他不是去帮父亲的忙而是去向父亲借钱。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work.
他考试不及格不是因为他不聪明而是因为他不用功。
（2）Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
不仅老师自己对足球感兴趣而且他所有的学生也开始对足球感兴趣了。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
踢足球不仅能使我们强壮，而且还能培养我们公平竞争和团队意识。
疑难突破
1.way,method,means
way可指一般的方法，也可指个人的或特殊的方法或方式。如：生活方式way of life。另外，当way作为先行词时，定语从句的引导词可以是in which也可以是that，也可以不用引导词。常用短语：in this way用这种方式；by the way顺便说；in a way在某种程度上；in no way决不；in the way妨碍某人；lose one’s way迷路；on the/one’s way在路上；make one’s way前进。
method指理论的或系统的方法。
means指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数形式相同。常用短语：by this means用这种方式；by all means无论如何；by means of以……方式；by no means一点也不。
应用
（1）I think this is the best ______ to deal with the waste.
（2）Now teaching the text is done in a very lively ______ in English classes.
（3）He introduced the Western ______ of teaching in class.
（4）Follow her ______ of cooking.
（5）Every possible ______ has/ All possible ______ have been adopted.
答案：（1）way （2）way （3）method （4）method （5）means;means
2.create,invent,discover,find,find out
create主要意思是“创造”，即产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可创造出新的具体事物。名词：creation创造；creator 创造者。
invent 主要意思是“发明”，也是产生出前所未有的东西，但其对象往往是物质性的。名词：invention发明；inventor发明者。
discover 主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们了解的东西，如元素、地域或客观规律等。名词：discovery发现；discoverer发现者。
find主要指发现、找到丢失的东西或人；“发现；看到；感到”。
find out “查明真相；弄清”，同义词为make sure。
应用
（1）The idea that God ______ the world is wrong.
（2）Thomas Edison______ the first small electric lamp.
（3）They never ______ how to open the box.
（4）I was surprised when I ______ you in the bus.
（5）Did you ______ the book you lost?
（6）Please ______ who broke into the house last night.
答案：（1）created （2）invented （3）discovered （4）found （5）find （6）find out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，28）We asked John and Jerry,but ______ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A.either B.none C.both D.neither
剖析：本题考查代词的用法。前一句话已经说明了John and Jerry两个人，可据此排除表示三者的代词none；but为转折连词，所以后面应该使用表示否定意思的词。
答案：D
【例2】 （2005年春季北京，31）I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.______?
A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished
C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish
剖析：本题根据语境考查动词的时态和语态。第一句话说明的是现在的情况，只有现在完成时态才能强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果。从逻辑关系分析，此处用被动语态，表示“咖啡都（被）喝了吗？”的意思。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年上海,41）______ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
剖析：本题考查倒装句的用法。当not only位于句首时，其所引导的句子应该使用疑问句的语序。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年广西,29）When we plan our vacation,mother often offers______ suggestions.
A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable
剖析：本题考查形容词的辨析。从句子的语境分析，此处用practical。本句话的意思为“每当我们作假期计划时，妈妈总是给我们提出很实际的建议”。
答案：B