1.vacation(Am. E) n.假期，休假（常用单数）不指假日或节日
holiday(Br.E)n. 既可指假期，也可指节假日可说a holiday/ holidays
leave n. 指雇员有理由而获准的假期，多指病假或事假
the summer holidays= the summer vacation
on holiday/ on vacation在度假
go on holidays去度假
take a holiday/ vacation休假
ask for leave请假
ask for sick leave请病假
take a day off请一天假
In order to win the game,he had to ask the director for half a month’s __A___.
A.leave B.vacation C.holiday D.stay
2.expect
than expected省略they are ‘比预料中’
a)expect有时用在than或as引导的从句中
You arrived earlier than I had expected.
“预料,期待,指望”,后接名,代,动词不定式或从句
I expect that he will pass the exam.
None of us expected it.
We are expecting a telegram.
Mother expects you to come back as soon as possible.
expect 可译做“期待”,它侧重于人的心理状态,而不是动作
wait(for) 等待,侧重指动作
Why didn’t you come yesterday? We all expected you.
I’ll wait for you at the entrance to the cinema.
-Do you think the Rocket will beat the Bulls?
-Yes. They have better players, so I __C_ them to win.
A. hope B.prefer C.expect D.want
3.The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.
enter (vi.) (vt.) come or go in or into
进来之前请先敲门.
You should knock the door before you enter.
小偷从后门进入了大楼.
The thieves entered the building through the back door.
I entered my own data into the computer.
write information写下或输入
Our teacher entered me for the English competition.
make… take part in帮某人报名参加
The two old men entered into a long discussion.
begin doing sth.开始某事
4.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事=be anxious to do sth
I can’t wait to see her again.
be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
desire to do sth 希望做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
He is eager to succeed.
We greatly desired to come to China.
They are looking forward to hearing from you soon.
5.She looks so young,but __A_,she is the mother of two children.
A.to the surprise of me
B.to the surprise
C.for my surprise
D.with her surprise
to one’s surprise=to the surprise of sb令某人惊讶的是。。。
6.followed:
Eric ran in, followed by a big dog.
following:
Eric ran in, following a big dog.
as follows:
The reasons are as follows: …
The boy spent the night _locked (lock) in the room.
He sat in the centre of the room, crying (cry)sadly.
_D__ by all the relatives,the old woman entered the room,____.
A.Followed;cried
B.Following;crying
C.Following;cried
D.Followed;crying
7.frightened
He was frightened to death when he heard the news.
frightening
He was frightened by the frightening noise.
Mr Smith,__A_ of the ____ speech,started to read a novel.
A.tired,boring B.tiring,bored C.tired,bored D.tiring,boring
8.suppose vt. /vi.
suppose + pron/ 从句/ 复合宾语(to be/adj./介词短语)
I suppose him honest.= I suppose that he is honest.= I suppose him to be honest.
I suppose him in the office.
-Do you suppose he will come to our party?
---Yes, I suppose so.
---No, I suppose not./ No, I don’t suppose so.
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do ?
Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
假定，假设=if
be supposed to do 应该，应当
我们不准把手机带进课堂。
We are not supposed to bring cell-phones in class.
你们本应该明天回来的呀。
You were supposed to come back tomorrow.
9.gone adj.作表语或补语“走了，遗失了，没有了”
My dictionary is gone. Do you know where it is?
They ’ve been gone for two hours already.
go 为不及物动词，它的过去分词只表示动作已经发生，或表示状态，不表示被动。
gone不能作前置定语，作前置定语常用lost或missing
意为“丢了的，不见了的”
Have you found the lost/missing child?
10.what… do with =how …deal with
你把我的字典搞哪去了？
What have you done with my dictionary?
=How have you dealt with my dictionary?
他不知道这个难题如何处理，于是向父亲求助。
He didn’t know what to do with the problem, so he turned to his father for help.
He didn’t know how to deal with the problem, so he turned to his father for help.
It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _C____.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with
You’ll have to do with what you’ve got; there isn’t any more. 和can等连用，“有…就行了，凑合用”
I can’t do with loud noise. 和can’t连用，“受不了”
11.mess
你的房间杂乱不堪，请把它打扫干净。
Your room is (in) a mess. Please tidy it.
You‘ve made a mess of the job.
你把这件事办得一塌糊涂
12With+复合宾语，即with的复合结构
He fell asleep with all the windows closed. with+n./pron.+分词
He was fast asleep with his mouth open. with+n./pron.+adj.
He stood there with his hand in his pocket. with+n./pron.+prep phrase
They sat in silence with the light on for half an hour. with+n./pron.+ adv.
With no one to talk to, he felt bored. with+n./pron.+动词不定式
She died with her son yet a school boy. with+n./pron.+n.
13.leave
Don’t leave all the windows open.
He left all the lights on when he went out.
Don’t leave me to explain it to them.
She left me waiting in the rain.
Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.
14.in charge (of)
Tom负责这项工作。
Tom is in charge of the job. /Tom takes charge of the job.
in/under the charge of = in/under sb’s charge
这项工作是由Tom负责的。
The job is in the charge of Tom.
Zia __A__ the company after his father retired.
A.took charge of
B.left charge of
C.put in charge of
D.face a charge of
15.behave vi. behavior n.
behave well (badly) towards sb.
She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother.
16.go link v. 变得（常指变坏，不好的状态）
Life was so hard that he often went hungry at that time.
go bad/gray/mad/blind…
On hearing the bad news, she nearly went mad.
These apples have gone bad.
17.deserve vt. 应受, 值得+n./pron./to do
One good turn deserves another. 善有善报
A lot of students copy homework and this deserves our attention.
那么自私的人不配受到尊敬。
Such a selfish man doesn’t deserve to be respected.
18.be hard on 对...刻薄/苛刻
Don’t be so hard on such a little child.
19.now (that) 既然…引导一个原因状语从句，引导的从句常放在语气比because弱
既然大家都来了，我们上课吧
Now (that) everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
既然他不能去，我们只好不带他去了。
Now (that) he can’t go, we have to go without him.
__A you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A.Now that B.After
C.Although D.As soon as
20.feel like “感觉，想做”，后跟从句、名词、动名词
Do you feel like taking a walk (take a walk)?
我想喝罐可乐。
I feel like drinking a bottle/can of cola.