一 重点短语
1 break down（机器）坏掉，（人）垮掉，（谈判，计划）失败，分解
联想：break up分散，（关系）破裂 break through 突破break in（vi.）闯入，插嘴
break into（vt.）闯入；突然大哭／大笑 break off中断，折断 break away from摆脱
2 leave sb/sth alone不理会 leave sth behind遗留；留下 leave out 遗漏，漏掉
leave +n.+adj/adv. 使…处于某种状态
eg,He question left me speechless. Don’t leave your work half done.
She left her baby crying. Leave them as they are.
3 defend/protect … against(from)保护…免受…
4 keep sb/sth alive让…生存，保留下来 come alive活跃起来
5 cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病；改掉某人的恶习
eg,Moving to the countryside cured her of asthma.搬到乡下他的哮喘就好了。
eg,The painful lesson cured him of the bad habit of drinking and driving.
那次惨痛的教训根除了他酒后驾车的坏毛病。
6 be infected with/contract disease感染疾病 transmit/spread disease传播疾病
(feelings)infect sb情绪感染某人eg,Her enthusiasm infected the whole class.
7 blood transfusion输血
8 because of a lack of/for lack of/in the absence of 因为缺乏
9 as with/as is the case with/in common with同…一样
10 the+adj.表示一类人：the young(=young people) ,the rich（富人）,the poor（穷人）
the dead（死者）,the living,（生者）,the accused(被告)
表示抽象化事物：the beatuiful(=beauty)美的事物，the impossible不可能的事情
11 suffer from (a disease)患有某种疾病
eg, suffer from a bad cold/loss of memory/somnia患重感冒，失忆症，失眠
suffer+n. 遭受，经历（痛苦，损失）
eg, suffer pain/torture/defeat/damage/loss遭受痛苦，折磨，失败，破坏，损失
12 be available 可获得的，可用的；有空的，不忙的
eg,The library is available for the students. 图书馆对学生开放。
Sorry,I’m not available for the comment.我现在没时间做评论。
13 much too expensive（adj.）太贵 too much expense(n.)花销太大
14 spend/waste(time/money…)doing花费,浪费…做
15 discourage sb from doing阻止，打消某人做
16 cheer(sb)up使振作起来
17 get/keep(stay)/lose contact(touch) with 与某人取得，保持，失去联系
put sb in contact(touch)with使某人与…取得联系 contact lenses 隐形眼镜
18 persuade sb to do/into doing（talk sb into doing）说服某人做
persuade sb not to do/out of doing说服某人不做
persuade sb of sth=convince sb of sth使某人相信，信服
eg,We finally persuaded her of his innocence.
19 live with/come to terms with/put up with忍受，忍耐
live through 历经过 live up to不负（盛名），不辜负，符合（标准） live on以…为食
20 develop AIDS（逐渐）患上（疾病） develop films冲洗胶片 develop new drugs 研发新药
develop mind and body发展身心 develop the habit of(逐步)养成习惯
develop an interest in培养兴趣 develop a friendship with 培养友谊
21 as long as/only if/on condition that/provided that…（表条件）只要
22 be immune to 对…免疫，不受其影响
23 have sb do/doing让某人做 eg,Mr wu had us clean the classroom.
Eg, He had us laughing all through the class. 他让我们整堂课笑个不停。
have sb/sth done (表被动)
eg,Mum took me to the hospital to have me examined. / eg,I must have my hair cut.
24 be diagnosed with被诊断出
25 disrupt traffic/public order扰乱交通，社会治安
26 recover from 从…中恢复，痊愈 recover from a cold/ the shock感冒痊愈，从打击中恢复
recover consciousness恢复知觉 recover one’s hearing/sight 恢复听力，视力
recover oneself恢复健康；情绪平稳下来
27 keep/stop/prevent/ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing阻止某人（某事）发生
28 on the contrary相反 be contrary to 与之相反
29 for the moment 暂时，暂且 for a moment 一会儿 the moment…(as soon as)当…时刻
30 be free from摆脱，不受影响 eg,I want to be free from the life of pressure and anxiety.
31 think of ..as/look on..as/regard …as/consider..as/view ..as/count…as把…看作
32 teach sb a lesson给…一个教训
33take/grasp/seize a chance把握／抓住机会
34 to the fullest最充分 live life to the fullest把生活过地充实
二、重点句子
1 AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.
2 People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex,by receiving infected blood transfusions or through birth.
3 The disease is spreading fast in Africa ,mainly because of a lack of proper health care.
4 As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most.
5 If I were to live long enough to have a job,I would choose to be a doctor.
6 I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.
7 The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment,but I know that I will never be completely free from it .
8 Living with cancer has made me realise how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.
三、语法(虚拟语气1)
1.wish带宾语从句常用虚拟：
I wish she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.（表现在的虚拟）
I wish I hadn’t made such a foolish mistake.（表过去的虚拟）
I wish AIDS could be cured some day.（表将来的虚拟）
Unit8 first aid
一 重点短语
1 catch fire着火 play with fire玩火；做危险的事
set sth on fire/set fire to纵火，放火 make a fire 生火
2 within/beyond one’s reach范围之内／之外 reach out/hold out(one’s hand)伸出手
3 upside down颠倒着
4 witness(an accident…) 目睹，目击 be witness to 是…目击证人
eg: The year 2008 witnessed （见证）a great event-2008 Olmpic Games in China.
5 keep/bear sth in mind将…记住 have sth in mind心里想
6 stay/remain calm保持冷静 calm down 冷静下来
7 get into a panic/ be in(a)panic陷入恐慌
8 respond/react to 对…做出反应，回应 in response to作为对…的回应
eg, The school had to stop teaching classes during the vacation in response to public pressure.
在公众压力下，学校只有停止假日期间补课。
9 sentence sb to death/three years’ imprisonment 判处某人死刑，三年有期徒刑
eg,The criminal Xiong Zhenlin has been sentenced to death for his brutal and savage crime.（野蛮残暴的罪行）。
10 recommend sth to sb把…推荐给某人 eg,Will you recommend a good dictionary to me?
recommend doing sth建议做… eg,The doctor recommended taking the medicine after the meal.
recommend sb to do eg,The doctor recommended me to take the medicine after the meal.
recommend that...(should )do… = recommended that I should take the medicine….
It’s strongly recommended that …(should )do强烈建议做…
11 the accident scene事故现场
12 be conscious/aware of (doing) sth意识到，注意到，明白
be conscious/aware that…
13…is on the way/around the corner/drawing near/approaching临近，靠近
14 in honor of 为了向…表示敬意，为了纪念 have the honor of doing….有做…的荣幸
eg,May I have the honor of dining with you tonight?我能荣幸地请你共进晚餐吗？
= Will you do me the honor of dining with you tonight?您能赏脸与我共进晚餐吗？
15 spit(sth)out吐出 联想：throw up(vomit)呕吐
16 search sp for sb/sth 搜寻某地 search sb搜身 search for sb搜寻某人
二、重点句子
1 People who have witnessed an accident often wish that they had done things differently.
2 Seconds count in an emergency.（分秒必争）First impressions do really count .
3 The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
4 If we were to get hurt(by)trying to save someone,we would not be able to help.
5 The question will also calm the person,letting him know that help is on the way.
6 If the person is not breathing,we must try to start his breathing at once,using the mouth-to-mouth method.
7 We should never try to revive a person unless(=if not) we know how to do it.
三、语法(虚拟语气2)
2. if 的非真实条件句：
①If I were you,I would give an AIDS patient a hug. （表现在的虚拟）
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
②If I had known more about giving first aid,I could have helped them.（表过去的虚拟）
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many more deaths.
③If we were to panic,we would not be able to help.(将来的虚拟)
注意 ：表将来的虚拟有三种形式
If you were to fail tomorrow,you wouldn’t get anything.
If you failed tomorrow, you wouldn’t get anything
If you should fail tomorrow, you wouldn’t get anything
3．混合虚拟的使用：（根据时间或语境的提示）
If I had worked harder at school,I would be sitting in the comfortable office now.
If I were 10 years younger now,I would have got that job then.
4. if 在虚拟语气中省略，结构要倒装(助动词提到主语前面)：
Were I you (If I were you), I would do it another way.
Had I known the truth,(If I had known the truth)I wouldn’t have helped him.
5. 表示建议，命令，要求的动词带从句，谓语动词通常(should)do,如：recommend,suggest,advise,insist,require,request,order,command ,etc.
eg,Many hospitals recommend that we (should)use DR ABC .
6.另外，一些特殊句式习惯上采用虚拟语气：
①It’s time that we paid a visit to our mother school.
② I’d rather (=wish)that I hadn’t met you yesterday.
③They are talking as if there were friends.
④If only I would be admitted to Peking university.
⑤ I would appreciate it if you would turn the radio down.