Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (P34, L2) pro-前缀，常与名词和形容词连用“亲，支持，赞成”
e.g.: pro-Internet side支持因特网的一方
a pro-environment governor一位支持环保的州长
pro-American亲美pro-democracy赞成民主，推崇民主 pro-European支持欧洲的 pro-slavery赞成奴隶制的
2. (P34,L5)value n.价值
be of little /no / great/ much value = be (not) valuable没有/很有价值的
e.g.: Your help has been of great value.
be good value for money货真价实
put great value on sth认为某事十分有益
v. 给…估价；重视；珍视
value….as…重视/ 珍视….为….
value…for….因为…..而重视/ 珍惜
value sth at….估价为……
e.g.: He valued the house for me at $80000.
那所房子他给我估价80000美元。
My parents always value honesty as the most important.
我父母总是认为诚信是最重要的。
I have always valued your friendship.
拓展： valuable adj.有价值的 valueless adj.没有价值的 'priceless adj.无价的 worthless adj.不值的
value sth. at. (money) v. 估价为
辨析: value，price，cost
value指内在价值 the value of American dollar美元的内在价值
price指商品的价值 at a high price以高价
cost指制作的成本 at all costs不惜一切代价
3. (P34,L7)in need of 需要，缺少
sth. be in great need某物急需
e.g.: He is in need of help.
Experienced workers are in great need.急需熟练工人。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
in need贫困的，在贫困中
e.g.: We’ll contribute to students in need.我们向贫困学生捐款。
◆There is no need for sb. to do sth.
have no need of sth不需要某物
need作为实义动词时，通常用法是：
人＋need ＋to do We need to tell him the truth.
物＋need ＋doing The flowers need watering.
物＋need ＋to be done The flowers need to be watered.
in want of, in honor of, in favor of, in memory of, in the hope of, in place of, in praise of, in exchange for
4. (P34, L9)turn to向某人(某事物)寻求帮助、指教
e.g.: They always turn to me when they are in trouble. (向某人寻求帮助)
It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I turned to my electronic calculator. （查阅某书，求助于）
5. (P34, L12)sort n.种类,类别 all sorts of 各种各样的
e.g.: What sort of shampoo do you use?
this/ that kind/ sort of + n. 这种的，那种的
n. + of this/ that kind/ sort这种的，那种的
sort of=kind of有点；几分
e.g.: I sort of like him, but I don’t know why.
----Were you disappointed?
----Well, yes, sort of. But it didn’t really matter.
v. 将……分类,整理
sort……into……把….分类成…
sort out分类，整理
e.g.: Sort these cards according to their colors.
把这些卡片按颜色分类。
sort out from把……从……挑出来out of sorts身体不适
6. (P34, L14)skeptical/ skeptical 怀疑的
be skeptical of/ about sth对….不肯相信的，怀疑的
e.g.: I’m rather skeptical about their views.
我对他们的观点持怀疑态度。
He remained skeptical of my decision.
他对我的决定仍然怀疑。
◆ doubt n.&v. 怀疑
have doubts about sth.对….怀疑
be doubtful about对….怀疑的
There is no doubt that…毫无疑问….
7. (P34, L14)useless adj．无用的，无益的
be useless to sb．对某人没用
It is useless for sb．to do sth.(人)做……是没用的
It’s no use doing sth.
e.g.: All these books are useless to me.
It’s useless to talk with him.
7. (P34, L18) common adj. 共同的, 普通的, 通常的
e.g.: Rabbits and foxes are common in Britain．
兔子与狐狸在英国十分常见。
Britain and America share a common language.
英国和美国使用共同的语言。
common sense 常识 have sth. in common 有共通之处
in common with 和…一样
Have you any common sense? 你有常识么?
I have nothing in common with my father.
我和我爸爸一点共通之处都没有。
In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜爱古典音乐多过流行音乐。
比较：common，usual，regular与ordinary
common 普通的；常见的；共同的；共有的
usual通常的；习惯的；经常发生的事，如自然发生的事、根据社会或个人习惯所做的事情
regular通常的；常例的；强调遵循事物既定的或自然规律
ordinary普通的；平凡的；强调普通；寻常以及缺乏优越的性质
8. (P34, Line 19)advance
○1 vt. & vi. 推进,进展,提出
e.g.: China is advancing rapidly in industry.
中国在工业上发展很快。
We are advancing along the socialist road.
我们正沿着社会主义道路前进。
This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries. 这将进一步发展 (促进)两国的友好关系。
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday. 会议日期已从星期五提前到星期三。
advance a new plan 提出新计划
○2 n. “前进”【U】； “进展”、“进步”【C】
make great advances (progress) 取得进步
e.g.: They have made great advances.
Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers.
什么也不能阻止士兵们的前进。
○3in advance (事先，提前) 和 in advance of (在…前面)
e.g.: If you want to get the book, you must pay for it in advance. 如果你要买这本书，你得先付款
He walked in advance of his wife. 他走在他妻子的前面.
○4 其过去分词 advanced可用作形容词，意为“高级的”、“高级的”、“程度高的”、“年老的”等。主要用作定语（偶尔用作表语)：
advanced ideas (experience, deeds, workers, elements)先进思想 (经验，事迹，工人，分子)
Some of our products have reached advanced world levels. 我们有的产品已达到了世界先进水平。
9. (P34, Line23)build social ties建立社会联系
tie n. 绳子；领带; 联系,纽带; 束缚人的东西; 平局, 不分胜负 (均为可数)
We have established trade ties with these regions.我们和这些地区建立了贸易关系。
He was wearing a black tie. (领带)
There are many ties of friendship between the two countries.
Mothers often find their small children a tie.
The result of the competition was a tie.
tie vt ○1绑,系
tie to 把…栓在 tie sth with sth用…捆….
He tied his horse to the tree. 他把马栓在树上.
The package had been tied with strong green string.那包东西是用结实的绿色绳子捆起来的。
tie sb’s shoelaces/ tie a knot/bow系鞋带/打蝴蝶结
○2把…..联系在一起 vt be tied to联系在一起，依附于
10. (P34, L24)rather than的用法：可接各种语法结构，但一定要注意rather than前后的结构要一致
1) 接名词
He is a writer rather than a teacher．
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
The job will take months rather than weeks.
2) 接代词
You, rather than she, are my guest.
We are to blame rather than they.
It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter.
3) 接形容词
The color seems green rather than blue.
It was made shorter rather than longer.
4) 接副词
The ship sank quickly rather than slowly.
He usually gets up early rather than late.
5) 接动词
He loves her rather than likes her.
She left rather than stayed at home.
Rather than cause trouble, he went away.
Rather than have the radio repaired, he’d like to buy a new one.
6) 接介词短语
I'd prefer to read in the library rather than at home.
I'd prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way.
He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.
7) 接动词＋ing
She likes dancing rather than singing.
Rather than regretting for the failure, why not try again?
It is snowing rather than raining outside.
She is laughing rather than crying.
8) 接过去分词
He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired.
9) 接句子
We should help him rather than he should help us.
It was what he meant rather than what he said.
e.g.: It is what you do rather than what you say___ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
11. (P34, L26)moreover adv.而且，此外，常用作插入语，表示递进关系
e.g.: They knew the painting was a forgery. Moreover, they knew who had bought it.他们知道那幅画是赝品，而且知道是谁买下的。
同义词： besides, in addition, what’s more, furthermore
e.g.: I’ve heard it’s not a very good movie. Besides, I’d rather stay home.我听说这不是很好看的电影。再说，我宁愿待在家里。
12. (P34, L28) chance
○1 “机会”【C】
……chance to do / of doing sth做某事的机会
e.g.: I had the chance of visiting Beijing.
I have no chance to see him.
It is a good chance to study/of studying English. 这是学习英语的好机会。
○2“希望”、“可能性”【C】&【U】
……chance of (doing) sth / that……做某事的可能性
He has a good chance (no chance, not much chance) of winning. 他很有希望(没有希望，没多大希望)获胜。
There is still chance that you will pass the exam. 你考试及格还是有希望的。
【注】在现代英语中，chance 表示“可能性”时，其后有时也可接不定式，但不如用 of doing sth 普通。
○3chance to do = happen to do碰巧做….
○4It (so) chanced / happened that….
○5by chance 偶然 by any chance万一
take a chance/ take chances 冒险, 碰运气
leave things to chance 听天由命, 听其自然
chance it [口]冒险一试, 碰运气
13. (P34，L29)remain
○1 vi. 剩余，还有
e.g.: A few apples remained on the table.
This visit will always remain in my memory．
这次拜访将永远留在我的记忆之中。
○2 vi. 继续呆在某处，继续存在，留下(特指在他人走后留下)
e.g.: They went，but I remained．他们走了，但我留了下来。
I shall remain here all the winter．整个冬天我将留在这里。
What will you do with the money left?
=What will you do with the remaining money?
○3 “尚待”、“留待”，后面接被动语态的动词不定式
It remains to be seen…还要看情况发展
e.g.: The fact remained to be proved. 事实尚待证明。
One problem remains to be solved．有一个问题尚待解决。
That remains to be proved．那尚待证实。
Much remains to be done. 还有很多事要做。
◆ link-v. + 名词，分词，形容词，介词短语
“继续保持，仍然处于某种状态”
○1+ adj. / n.
e.g.: Language was，is and will remain the chief means of exchange of ideas．语言，过去、现在和将来依然是交流思想的主要工具。
In spite of their quarrel，they remained the best friends．他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友
She remained calm.她保持镇静。
○2 + doing现在分词和逻辑主语之间为主动关系
+done过去分词和逻辑主语之间为被动关系
e.g.: The question remained unsolved.这个问题仍然没有解决。
Her beauty remained unchanged.她美丽依旧。
She remained standing for a good hour.
她一直站了整整一个钟头。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down．虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。
○3 + 介词短语
e.g.: She remained under the care of Miss Janey.
她仍然由Janey小姐照料。
People here remain in deep poverty.
这儿的人们仍处于极度贫困之中。
14. (P35, Line34) address v. 写地址，对…做演讲，称呼
e.g.: He will address us on the subject of war and peace.
He addressed her as “Miss Martine”.
Address your application to the Personnel Manager.
address oneself to sth./doing sth.着手做某事
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
address sb. as 称呼某人为…
◆ The judge should be addressed as 'Your Honour'.
◆ In Britain, a surgeon is addressed as 'Mr' not 'Dr'.
~ sth to sb (formal) to say sth directly to sb:
◆ Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.
◆ The book is addressed to the general reader.
an inaugural address (就职演说)
a graduation address (毕业演说)
a public address on foreign policy (涉外政策的公众演说)
15. (P35, L35) occur (occurred, occurred)vi 发生；存在；想起；被想到出现在头脑中常与to连用
(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen:
sth. occur to sb. = sth. come to sb. ……突然被想到
it occurs to somebody (that) = it occurs to somebody to do something 刚想到，突然想到
经常用于以it作形式主语的句中, 真正的主语可以是从句, 也可以是不定式。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
It didn’t occur to me that you would object.
It didn’t occur to me to mention it.
Didn’t it occur to you to close the windows?
16.(P35,L37)advantage n. 优势,有利条件
Richard has an advantage over you since he can speak German.
They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities.
There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can't read.不识字买字典没什么用
拓展：to one’s advantage/disadvantage对……有利/ 不利
take advantage of利用=use/make use of
be at an advantage处于优势地位
have/gain/ win an advantage over优于，对…有优势
have the advantage of 有…. （方面的）好处
充分利用：take full advantage of, make full use of, make the best/ most of
17. (P35, L42) if & whether
○1if只引导宾语从句,但作介词宾语时一般用whether， 而whether可引导主语 、宾语、表语和同位语从句
e.g.: I don’t know if / whether it will rain today.
It all depends on whether they will come back.
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
○2作形容词的后续从句用whether
○3后接不定式用whether
e.g.: I haven’t decided whether to go or not.
○4后接or not用whether
e.g.: I don’t know whether or not he has arrived in Wuhan.
18. (P35, L44) lie
lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎，欺骗a white lie 善意的谎言
lie-lay-lain-lying 躺下，位于
lie in 在于，睡懒觉 lie on：依靠，全凭
lie down 稍事休息，小睡
lay-laid-laid-laying放置，下蛋，产卵
lay aside存，积蓄 lay down放下，交出；规定，主张，制定lay out设计，布置 lay up积蓄 lay stress/ emphasis on强调 lay a /the foundation of/ for为….奠定基础 a laid-off worker下岗工人
19. (P35, L48) such as & for example
such as列举同类人或物中的几个例子，总放例举之前。
使用such as举例，只能列举其中的一部分，不能全部举出。
for example列举同类人或物中的“一个”例子，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首，句中，句末。
namely全部列举
e.g.: Heros, such as LeiFeng, Liu Hulan and Huang Jiguang are good examples for us to learn.
Things such as cotton, paper, clothes are easy to catch fire.
He knows four languages, namely Chinese, English, Japanese and French.