1. We’ll be travelling by camel, with local guides, camping in tents and sleeping on the ground in our big, thick sleeping bags. 我们要和当地的导游一直坐骆驼旅行,在帐篷中野营,睡在我们又大又厚的睡袋里.
(1) by camel
by 此处表方法,手段, 原因, “以……” “借助于………”
by + 不带冠词的工具名词
by train/ air/ plane/ bus
I go to school by bus and by train, but my father goes to the office by car.
我乘公共汽车和火车上学,但我爸爸开车上班.
by doing
You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.
把鸡蛋和面粉混合, 你就可以做出那种蛋糕.
He caught a cold by playing football in the train.
他因在雨中踢足球而感冒了.
(2) camping in tents and sleeping on the ground 是动词的现在分词在句中作伴随状语,说明travel 过程中的一些伴随动作.
The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.
那男孩坐在农舍削树枝.
They went to the cinema, jumping and singing.
他们又跳又唱着去看电影.
2. I will bring a torch with me so that I will be able to see in the dark.
我将带一个手电筒,以便我在黑暗中照明.
（1）bring sth. with sb. 随身携带某物
（2）so that 引导目的状语从句
The teacher raised his voice so that all the students could hear him clearly.
老师提高了声音以便所有的学生都听的清楚.
[联想]
so……..that………引导结果状语从句, “如此……以至于………” so 之后常接形容词, 副词, 表示结果.
He got up so late in the morning that he missed the meeting.
他早上起床太晚.所以误了会议.
such……that…..也用语引导结果状语从句, 但such 之后的中心词是名词, 其结构如下
He got such a (great)surprise that she dropped the cup.
他大吃一惊, 失手把杯子掉在地上.
3. your raft gets turned upside down or sinks.橡皮筏倾翻或者沉入水中。
Don’t hold the box upside down..
不要把那盒子倒着拿。
You have hung that picture upside down.
你把那幅画挂颠倒了。
[知识拓展]
1） turn…upside down 把…弄得乱七八遭；给（某人生活）造成大的变化（混乱）
His sudden death turned her world upside down.
他的去世使她的生活完全乱套了。
The policemen turned the whole house upside down.
警察为查找线索，把整座房子翻得乱七八糟。
2） inside out 翻过来地，反了地
you are wearing your coat inside out.
你的上衣反穿着。
4．we will live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood.我们会与当地居民一起生活，住在他们的村庄，和他们吃一样的饮食，包括饮牛血。
whatever 表示“任何的事物 无论什么，无论什么样的”
1） 引导主语从句和宾语从句时，相当于 anything that
You can take whatever you like.
你可以带走任何你喜欢的东西。
I can’t believe whatever you say.
无论你说什么，我都不相信。
whatever he said wasn’t true.
无论他说的什么，都不是真的。
2） 引导状语从句，whatever相当于 no matter what.
Whatever problem you have, you can always come to me for help.
无论你有什么样的困难，都可以向我来求助。
Whatever reason you have, you should keep your promise.
无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。
Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.
无论怎样，别改变计划。
Whatever weather it is , we will go.
不管天气怎么样，我们还是要去。
[联想]whenever, whichever, whoever 都有类似的用法。
[注意] no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句， 意为“不管 无论……..”而疑问词+ever 既可以引导让步状语从句，也可用来引导主语从句或宾语从句。
5．I really want to see an elephant up close.我真的想近距离的看看大象。
close 和closely 的区别
close 即可以作形容词，又可作副词，作副词用时常与to 连用，表示实际距离近。
I live close to the shops.
我住的离商店很近。
He came close to the house to see it clearly.
为了看得清楚，他走近了房子。
closely 用作副词表示抽象意义的“严密地 仔细地 密切地 紧密地”
He watched the birds closely.
他密切地注视着这些鸟。
The two things are closely connected.
这两件事是紧密地联系在一起的。
6．clothing/ clothes /cloth /dress
1）clothing 是衣服，服装的总称，是集合名词，只有单数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
food and clothing 衣食
a piece of clothing 一件衣服
2）clothes 统指各种衣服，包括外套，西装，衬衣，裤子，裙，鞋，帽等，不指单件衣服。它既不能用作单数，也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用。做主语时，谓语用复数形式。
He had to buy many clothes.他只好买很多衣服。
These clothes are new.这些衣服都是新的。
3)cloth 指做衣服用的材料（布料，毛料，丝绸等）是物质名词，不可数，没有复数形式。
a piece of cloth 一块布料（不能说a cloth）
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?
给这个孩子做件上衣要多少布？
3） dress 指外面穿着的衣服，有修饰的意味。尤指妇女的连衣裙及某种特殊场合穿着的服装（礼服），这时dress是可数名词。
He looks pretty in her pink summer dress.她穿着那件粉红色的夏季连衣裙显得很漂亮。
He doesn’t care much about dress.他不大讲究衣着。
[提示]
cloth 指“具体用途的布”时，是可数名词。
a table cloth 一块桌布
练习
B 1. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the ___________ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
C 2. -----How did you learn to speak English so well?
------- By practicing speaking _______ I had a chance.
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever
A 3. How I ______ him the pleasures he had during the vacation!
A. envy B. admire C. appreciate D. enjoy
A 4. It is said that more food _____ to the poor countries by the developed countries soon.
A. will be supplied B. will supply
C. will give D. has given
C 5. ______ of apples______ rotted away because of the bad weather.
A. large quantities; has B. large amounts; have
C. A large quantity; has D. A large amount; has
A 6. I didn’t notice the ______ look _______her face.
A. astonished; on B. astonishing; on
C. astonished; in D. astonishing; in
B 7.Roses need special care _______ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
B 8. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
C 9.Food here is cheaper than in Britain;_______ , on the other hand, is dearer.
A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress
D 10. ___________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
A 11. Betty stood _______ on her teacher and watched ________ what he was doing.
A. close closely B. close close C. closely close D. closely closely
A 12.It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
B 13. It was suggested that the sports meeting ______ put off because of the fine weather.
A. will not be B. not be C. would not be D. mustn’t be
A 14. The smile on his face suggested that he _____ satisfied with the work.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
B 15. ___________ she did was right.
A. No matter what B. Whatever C. No matter D. What ever
A 16. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
C 17. The old man ___________ World War Ⅱ,so he has a lot of __________ to tell us.
A. got through ; experience B. went through; experience
C. experienced; experiences D. passed; experiences
A 18. ------ Now that you like the car so much, why not drive it back?
----- Well, how could I afford ______ car?
A. that expensive a B. that an expensive
C. such expensive a D. a such expensive
C 19. How long is it ___________ he went for further study in the US?
A. that B. when C. since D. before
A 20. ------- What made Suan so angry?
-----___________ in the rain for a long time.
A. being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait
C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting